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Plasma carotenoid and E vitamer concentrations were measured at delivery, and principal component analysis was used to derive the patterns of their concentrations. Fasting and 2 h glucose levels and fasting insulin were measured at 26\u201328 weeks gestation and 4\u20136 years post-pregnancy, with the derivation of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In 678 women, two carotenoid patterns (CP1: \u03b1- and \u03b2-carotene and lutein; CP2: zeaxanthin, lycopene, and \u03b2-cryptoxanthin) and one E vitamer pattern (VE: \u03b3-, \u03b4-, and \u03b1-tocopherols) were derived. A higher CP1 score (1-SD) was associated with lower gestational fasting glucose (\u03b2 (95%CI): \u22120.06 (\u22120.10, \u22120.02) mmol\/L) and lower gestational (\u22120.17 (\u22120.82, 0.01) mmol\/L, p = 0.06) and post-pregnancy HOMA-IR (\u22120.11 (\u22120.15, \u22120.08) mmol\/L). A higher VE score (1 SD) was associated with higher gestational and post-pregnancy fasting and 2 h glucose (gestational: 0.05 (0.01, 0.08) and 0.08 (0.01, 0.16); post-pregnancy: 0.19 (0.07, 0.31) and 0.24 (0.06, 0.42) mmol\/L). Higher \u03b1- and \u03b2-carotene and lutein may be beneficial for gestational fasting glycemia, but higher vitamin E may increase gestational and post-pregnancy glycemia, although these findings require confirmation in cohorts with prospective longitudinal measurements of these vitamins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T09:56:57Z","timestamp":1697623017000},"page":"4421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Perinatal Plasma Carotenoids and Vitamin E Concentrations with Glycemia and Insulin Resistance in Women during and after Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jun S.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4643-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith M.","family":"Godfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choon Nam","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kok Hian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1083-7958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"},{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yap Seng","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry K. Y.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3530-3023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiao-Yng","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.-F.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore"},{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-004-0677-x","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the placenta","volume":"122","author":"Myatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histochem. 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