{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:36:04Z","timestamp":1760150164886,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"High Council for Sports (CSD), Spanish Ministry of Culture and Sport","award":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"]}]},{"name":"NESA NETWORK \u201cSpanish Network of Sports Care at Altitude (RADA)\u201d","award":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III through CIBEROBN","award":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/UPB\/23","CB12\/03\/30038"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eating disorders, especially restrictive eating, are common among female athletes. There are two main types of winter sports: those that are practiced outdoors on snow (\u221225 to +5 \u00b0C and 2500 m), such as alpine skiing and snowboarding, and those that are practiced indoors on ice (5\u201310 \u00b0C at low altitude), such as figure skating and ice hockey. The aim of this research was to identify the nutritional status and potential risk of female athletes practicing winter sports, considering the altitude of training. The sample was composed of 58 women (aged 19.81 years (SD: 12.61)) who were competitors in some winter sports. Anthropometrics and nutritional variables were taken. Statistically significant differences were found between HA and LA groups for all the characteristics except thigh skinfold, and neither group had an energy intake (EI) that matched their total energy expenditure (TEE). Both groups met at least two-thirds of the RDI for all minerals and vitamins except iodine, fluorine, vitamin D, vitamin E, and retinol. This study suggests that female winter sports athletes have insufficient energy, vitamin, and mineral intake, which can be worsened with altitude.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15204472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1697958173000},"page":"4472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nutrition Status of Female Winter Sports Athletes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Casquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR-CTS1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0646-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Conde-Pip\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR-CTS1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Valenzuela-Barranco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cetursa Sierra Nevada, Sierra Nevada-Monachil, 18196 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Rienda-Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Women, Andalusian Federation of Winter Sports (FADI), 18008 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4832-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Olea-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR-CTS1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1407-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Bouzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6940-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep A.","family":"Tur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y la Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9852-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Mariscal-Arcas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science and Nutrition Research (HSNR-CTS1118), Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravi, S., Ihalainen, J.K., Taipale-Mikkonen, R.S., Kujala, U.M., Waller, B., Mierlahti, L., Lehto, J., and Valtonen, M. 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