{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:31:02Z","timestamp":1791937862615,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C53C22000840001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C53C22000840001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["C53C22000840001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C53C22000840001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>High adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, it is less clear whether the different MD food items might influence specific biological functions related to glucose tolerance, i.e., insulin resistance (IR) and\/or secretion (IS). Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between adherence to MD and IR, insulin sensitivity, and IS in individuals with overweight\/obesity. Participants (62 individuals; 7M\/55F; mean age 49 \u00b1 15 years; mean BMI 35.8 \u00b1 6.7 kg\/m\u00b2) underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. These parameters were used for the calculation of validated IR indices (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic Model Assessment for \u03b2-cell function (HOMA-\u03b2)), as well as insulin sensitivity indices (insulin sensitivity index (ISI), oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS)). MD adherence was gauged using the PREDIMED questionnaire. Bivariate correlations were used to highlight the association between OGTT-derived indices and MD adherence (PREDIMED score) or specific foodstuffs related to MD. Despite there being no significant differences in BMI, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), the high MD adherence group presented lower HOMA-IR (p = 0.022) and higher ISI (p = 0.033) compared to other groups. High MD adherence was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (r = \u22120.400; p = 0.004) and directly correlated with ISI (r = 0.296, p = 0.039). Fish consumption, a key component of MD, exhibited significant associations: it was directly correlated to ISI (r = 0.394, p = 0.005) and inversely related to HOMA-IR (r = \u22120.327, p = 0.019) and \u03b2-cell function (r = \u22120.489, p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, a high MD adherence, and in particular the consumption of fish, is associated with a decreased IR in individuals with overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T09:54:08Z","timestamp":1698227648000},"page":"4524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The Mediterranean Diet: Effects on Insulin Resistance and Secretion in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8335-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Vetrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Universit\u00e0 Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unit\u00e0 di Endocrinologia, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Cattedra Unesco \u201cEducazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile\u201d, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9054-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Barrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Universit\u00e0 Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Muscogiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Italiano Per La Cura E Il Benessere del Paziente Con Obesit\u00e0 (C.I.B.O), University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Diabetologia ed Andrologia, Unit\u00e0 di Endocrinologia, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Cattedra Unesco \u201cEducazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile\u201d, Universit\u00e0 Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-022-01096-1","article-title":"Association of weight status and the risks of diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"46","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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