{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T13:34:06Z","timestamp":1776346446252,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"NIDCD of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DC019678-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC019678-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"NIDCD of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"NIDCD of the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z01AA000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01AA000135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["K23DC019678-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC019678-02"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["UL1TR001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001873"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["Z01AA000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01AA000135"]}]},{"name":"Division of Intramural Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","award":["K23DC019678-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC019678-02"]}]},{"name":"Division of Intramural Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","award":["UL1TR001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001873"]}]},{"name":"Division of Intramural Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","award":["Z01AA000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01AA000135"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Nursing Research and the Office of Workforce Diversity, National Institutes of Health Distinguished Scholar, and the Rockefeller University Heilbrunn Nurse Scholar Award","award":["K23DC019678-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DC019678-02"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Nursing Research and the Office of Workforce Diversity, National Institutes of Health Distinguished Scholar, and the Rockefeller University Heilbrunn Nurse Scholar Award","award":["UL1TR001873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001873"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Nursing Research and the Office of Workforce Diversity, National Institutes of Health Distinguished Scholar, and the Rockefeller University Heilbrunn Nurse Scholar Award","award":["Z01AA000135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01AA000135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Reports suggest COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction (OD) may result in alterations in dietary behaviors and perceived weight change, but few studies using psychophysical evaluation of post-COVID-19-associated chemosensory dysfunction and body mass index (BMI) exist. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of both quantitative and qualitative features of COVID-19-associated OD on BMI; (2) Methods: Recruitment of thirty-one participants with self-reported OD in the form of quantitative loss with and without qualitative features. Surveys with questions specific to qualitative olfactory function, Sniffin\u2019 Sticks tests, and BMI measures were completed at two visits, one year apart. Group differences were assessed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and the Holm\u2013Bonferroni method; (3) Results: Individuals with persistent quantitative OD (n = 15) and self-reported parosmia (n = 19) showed statistically significant increases in BMI after 1 year (p = 0.004, adjusted \u03b1 = 0.0125; p = 0.011, adjusted \u03b1 = 0.0167). Controls with transient quantitative OD (n = 16) and participants without self-reported parosmia (n = 12) showed no statistically significant changes in BMI over the same time period (p = 0.079, adjusted \u03b1 = 0.05; p = 0.028, adjusted \u03b1 = 0.025); (4) Conclusions: This study shows an association between COVID-19-associated OD and BMI, suggesting olfaction may play a role in altering dietary habits and nutrition in this population. Larger study cohorts are needed to further evaluate this relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T06:20:16Z","timestamp":1698301216000},"page":"4538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["BMI Increases in Individuals with COVID-19-Associated Olfactory Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0305-2298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Vilarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia T.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-8566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy P.","family":"Tervo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liam W.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco F.","family":"Caruana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Gary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiana M.","family":"Saak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Gudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1198-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paule V.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Section of Sensory Science and Metabolism & National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry E.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.P.","family":"Devanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1152-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Overdevest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian\/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2022.102392","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic and weight gain in American adults: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Khubchandani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. 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