{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:58:52Z","timestamp":1791907132377,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["1212026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1212026"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["11220738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220738"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["R20F0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R20F0001"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["VRID_APC23\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRID_APC23\/24"]}]},{"name":"ANID","award":["1212026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1212026"]}]},{"name":"ANID","award":["11220738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220738"]}]},{"name":"ANID","award":["R20F0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R20F0001"]}]},{"name":"ANID","award":["VRID_APC23\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRID_APC23\/24"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Doctorados de la Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n\u2013Fondo","award":["1212026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1212026"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Doctorados de la Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n\u2013Fondo","award":["11220738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220738"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Doctorados de la Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n\u2013Fondo","award":["R20F0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R20F0001"]}]},{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Doctorados de la Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n\u2013Fondo","award":["VRID_APC23\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRID_APC23\/24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely consumed in diets all over the world and have a significant impact on human health. Proteins, vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, and other micro- and macronutrients are abundant in these legumes. On the other hand, collagens, the most important constituent of extracellular matrices, account for approximately 25\u201330 percent of the overall total protein composition within the human body. Hence, the presence of amino acids and other dietary components, including glycine, proline, and lysine, which are constituents of the primary structure of the protein, is required for collagen formation. In this particular context, protein quality is associated with the availability of macronutrients such as the essential amino acid lysine, which can be acquired from meals containing beans. Lysine plays a critical role in the process of post-translational modifications facilitated with enzymes lysyl hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase, which are directly involved in the synthesis and maturation of collagens. Furthermore, collagen biogenesis is influenced by the cellular redox state, which includes important minerals and bioactive chemicals such as iron, copper, and certain quinone cofactors. This study provides a novel perspective on the significant macro- and micronutrients present in Phaseolus vulgaris L., as well as explores the potential application of amino acids and cofactors derived from this legume in the production of collagens and bioavailability. The utilization of macro- and micronutrients obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a protein source, minerals, and natural bioactive compounds could optimize the capacity to promote the development and durability of collagen macromolecules within the human body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:56:36Z","timestamp":1698400596000},"page":"4561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Common Beans as a Source of Amino Acids and Cofactors for Collagen Biosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"A\u00f1azco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Carrera de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7953-1901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola G.","family":"Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9806-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Guerrero-Wyss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Nutricional, Escuela de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Carrera de Nutrici\u00f3n y Diet\u00e9tica, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebasti\u00e1n, General Lagos #1190, Valdivia 5110773, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Celmeli, T., Sari, H., Canci, H., Sari, D., Adak, A., Eker, T., and Toker, C. (2018). The Nutritional Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces in Comparison to Modern Varieties. Agronomy, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy8090166"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650002100408","article-title":"Research on Trace Minerals in the Common Bean","volume":"21","author":"Beebe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.071472","article-title":"Nutritional and health benefits of dried beans","volume":"100","author":"Messina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, L., Mendez, D., Montecino, H., Carrasco, B., Arevalo, B., Palomo, I., and Fuentes, E. (2022). Role of Phaseolus vulgaris L. in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases-Cardioprotective Potential of Bioactive Compounds. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11020186"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"916","article-title":"Effect of an aqueous extract of Phaseolus vulgaris on plasma insulin and hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism in experimental diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Pari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Die Pharm.-Int. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1089\/1096620041224120","article-title":"Protective role of Phaseolus vulgaris on changes in the fatty acid composition in experimental diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Pari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Mendoza, C., and S\u00e1nchez, E. (2017). Bioactive compounds from Mexican varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): Implications for health. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081360"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0308-8146(93)90238-B","article-title":"Nutrient composition, protein quality and antinutritional factors of some varieties of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in Burundi","volume":"47","author":"Barampama","year":"1993","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.596639","article-title":"Nutritional and health perspectives of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): An overview","volume":"54","author":"Hayat","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"750","article-title":"Variation in protein and amino acids content among landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"32","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fonseca-Hern\u00e1ndez, D., Lugo-Cervantes, E.D.C., Escobedo-Reyes, A., and Mojica, L. (2021). Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) polyphenolic extract exerts antioxidant and antiaging potential. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216716"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806470","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.806470","article-title":"Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: Insights Into Protective Effects, Antioxidant Potentials and Mechanism(s) of Action","volume":"13","author":"Rudrapal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganesan, K., and Xu, B. (2017). Polyphenol-Rich Dry Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Their Health Benefits. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112331"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12391","article-title":"Polyphenols in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): Chemistry, analysis, and factors affecting composition","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Grain Legumes, G., and Kumar, A. (2016). Diversity of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces and the Nutritional Value of their Grains, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feitosa, S., Greiner, R., Meinhardt, A.K., M\u00fcller, A., Almeida, D.T., and Posten, C. (2018). Effect of Traditional Household Processes on Iron, Zinc and Copper Bioaccessibility in Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Foods, 7.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201807.0014.v1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12446","article-title":"Vitamin C: The known and the unknown and Goldilocks","volume":"22","author":"Padayatty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-80614-9_2","article-title":"Basic Structure, Physiology, and Biochemistry of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix Collagens","volume":"1348","author":"Mienaltowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gandhi, M., Elfeky, O., Ertugrul, H., Chela, H.K., and Daglilar, E. (2023). Scurvy: Rediscovering a Forgotten Disease. Diseases, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11020078"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.6.1135s","article-title":"Ascorbate requirement for hydroxylation and secretion of procollagen: Relationship to inhibition of collagen synthesis in scurvy","volume":"54","author":"Peterkofsky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, K. (2015). Role of micronutrients in skin health and function. Biomol. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2015.003"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricard-Blum, S. (2011). The collagen family. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004978"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6850","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15776","article-title":"A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix","volume":"288","author":"Karamanos","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.11.001","article-title":"Extracellular matrix structure","volume":"97","author":"Theocharis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A\u00f1azco, C., Riedelsberger, J., Vega-Montoto, L., and Rojas, A. (2023). Exploring the Interplay between Polyphenols and Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes for Maintaining Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.0070.v1"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"e24856","article-title":"Collagen Structure, Synthesis, and Its Applications: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Shenoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12450","article-title":"Collagen: A review on its sources and potential cosmetic applications","volume":"17","author":"Barroso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, M.D.R., Mart\u00edn-Lagos, R.A., and Martin-Lagos, R.A. (2010). Gu\u00eda Para Estudios Diet\u00e9ticos: \u00c1lbum Fotogr\u00e1fico de Alimentos, Editorial Universidad de Granada."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512000724","article-title":"Pulse consumption in Canadian adults influences nutrient intakes","volume":"108","author":"Mudryj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5502_1","article-title":"Protection against cancer by dietary IP6 and inositol","volume":"55","author":"Vucenik","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC441_8","article-title":"Consumption of black beans and navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) reduced azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats","volume":"44","author":"Bennink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.212","article-title":"Comparative study on antiproliferation properties and cellular antioxidant activities of commonly consumed food legumes against nine human cancer cell lines","volume":"134","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.08.038","article-title":"The polyphenolic profiles of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"107","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7879","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0304324","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of extracts, condensed tannin fractions, and pure flavonoids from Phaseolus vulgaris L. seed coat color genotypes","volume":"51","author":"Beninger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1021\/jf052974m","article-title":"Chemopreventive activity of polyphenolics from black Jamapa bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on HeLa and HaCaT cells","volume":"54","author":"Yousef","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-010-0115-x","article-title":"A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight\/obese subjects","volume":"50","author":"Hermsdorff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.07.020","article-title":"Common bean protein hydrolysate modulates lipid metabolism and prevents endothelial dysfunction in BALB\/c mice fed an atherogenic diet","volume":"30","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.08.012","article-title":"Non-soy legume consumption lowers cholesterol levels: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Bazzano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512000761","article-title":"Phaseolus beans: Impact on glycaemic response and chronic disease risk in human subjects","volume":"108","author":"Hutchins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/2013.jamainternmed.70","article-title":"Effect of Legumes as Part of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"172","author":"Jenkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"299","article-title":"The cholesterol-lowering effect of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) without hulls in hypercholesterolemic rats","volume":"48","author":"Rosa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Latinoam. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.464s","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dry bean and soybean intake","volume":"70","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2018.23.2.102","article-title":"Phaseolus vulgaris exerts an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation through AKT dependent way","volume":"23","author":"Quinteros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Signorello, M.G., Ravera, S., and Leoncini, G. (2020). Lectin-induced oxidative stress in human platelets. Redox Biol., 32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101456"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Ca2+\/calmodulin kinase\/AMP-activated protein kinase pathway regulates the lectin Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin induced NO production in human platelets","volume":"6","author":"Signorello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Integr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4888","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.4888","article-title":"Mechanism of platelet inhibition by nitric oxide: In vivo phosphorylation of thromboxane receptor by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase","volume":"95","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO00190K","article-title":"Peptides present in the non-digestible fraction of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) inhibit the angiotensin-I converting enzyme by interacting with its catalytic cavity independent of their antioxidant capacity","volume":"6","author":"Mendoza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F297","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00417.2005","article-title":"Amino acids as modulators of endothelium-derived nitric oxide","volume":"291","author":"Kakoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7825","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030404l","article-title":"Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of wheat varieties","volume":"51","author":"Adom","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.012","article-title":"The impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota in host health and disease","volume":"23","author":"Makki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Seidel, D.V., Azc\u00e1rate-Peril, M.A., Chapkin, R.S., and Turner, N.D. (2017). Seminars in Cancer Biology, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Liang, Q., Balakrishnan, B., Belobrajdic, D.P., Feng, Q.-J., and Zhang, W. (2020). Role of dietary nutrients in the modulation of gut microbiota: A narrative review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020381"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.043","article-title":"A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility","volume":"167","author":"Desai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.4.418","article-title":"Flavonoids: A review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications","volume":"74","author":"Nijveldt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"673","article-title":"The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: Implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer","volume":"52","author":"Middleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"8971","article-title":"Natural products and food components with anti-Helicobacter pylori activities","volume":"20","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Soria, M.D.C.L. (2018). El Consumo de frijol Com\u00fan (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y Su Efecto en Genes Expresados Diferencialmente en Ri\u00f1\u00f3n de Ratas Diab\u00e9ticas. [Ph.D. Thesis, C.U. Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro]."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Soria, M.d.C.L. (2018). Efecto del Consumo de Frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris) Cocido Sobre Citosinas Proinflamatorias Relacionadas Con Da\u00f1o Renal en Ratas Diab\u00e9ticas. [Master\u2019s Thesis, C.U. Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro]."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H. (2021). A Review of the Effects of Collagen Treatment in Clinical Studies. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13223868"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-017-2490-6","article-title":"Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth","volume":"50","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.77.032207.120833","article-title":"Collagen structure and stability","volume":"78","author":"Shoulders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/176593a0","article-title":"Structure of collagen","volume":"176","author":"Ramachandran","year":"1955","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Wu, M., Cronin, K., and Crane, J.S. (2022). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing LLC."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33123-X","article-title":"Collagen cross-linking. Purification and substrate specificity of lysyl oxidase","volume":"251","author":"Siegel","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"3979","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase-like protein-2 regulates sprouting angiogenesis and type IV collagen assembly in the endothelial basement membrane","volume":"118","author":"Bignon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood J. Am. Soc. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25999","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.738856","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase-like-2 cross-links collagen IV of glomerular basement membrane","volume":"291","author":"Rafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10413","article-title":"Lysyl oxidase: Properties, specificity, and biological roles inside and outside of the cell","volume":"88","author":"Kagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/104454900314582","article-title":"Lack of collagen type specificity for lysyl hydroxylase isoforms","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0520113","article-title":"Lysine post-translational modifications of collagen","volume":"52","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22998","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.343954","article-title":"Lysyl hydroxylase 3-mediated glucosylation in type I collagen: Molecular loci and biological significance","volume":"287","author":"Sricholpech","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannicht, C. (2019). Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Tools for Functional Proteomics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9055-9"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.71.12.4826","article-title":"Biosynthesis of collagen crosslinks: Increased activity of purified lysyl oxidase with reconstituted collagen fibrils","volume":"71","author":"Siegel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.013","article-title":"Amino acid composition in determination of collagen origin and assessment of physical factors effects","volume":"104","author":"Kubisz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-4959(01)00400-6","article-title":"The potential mechanism for glutamine-induced collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts","volume":"130","author":"Karna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392009000400002","article-title":"Inorganic nutritional composition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes race Chile","volume":"69","author":"Paredes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.09.007","article-title":"Nutrients, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of 26 kidney bean cultivars","volume":"108","author":"Kan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370215587913","article-title":"Dietary essentiality of \u201cnutritionally non-essential amino acids\u201d for animals and humans","volume":"240","author":"Hou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772573","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.772573","article-title":"Sustaining Protein Nutrition through Plant-Based Foods","volume":"8","author":"Langyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3rska-Warsewicz, H., Laskowski, W., Kulykovets, O., Kudli\u0144ska-Chylak, A., Czeczotko, M., and Rejman, K. (2018). Food Products as Sources of Protein and Amino Acids\u2014The Case of Poland. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121977"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1002\/aocs.12135","article-title":"Composition and Functional Properties of Saline-Soluble Protein Concentrates Prepared from Four Common Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"95","author":"Sutivisedsak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"36","article-title":"Lysine et collag\u00e8ne [Lysine and collagen]","volume":"49","author":"Frey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Biol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-457x.05917","article-title":"Nutritional and protein quality of dry Brazilian beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"38","author":"Rezende","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"Novel Food and Feed Safety (2015). Safety Assessment of Foods and Feeds Derived from Transgenic Crops, OECD Publishing."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbas, B., Machado, N., Oppolzer, D., Ferreira, L., Queiroz, M., Brites, C., Rosa, E.A., and Barros, A.I. (2020). Nutrients, Antinutrients, Phenolic Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Common Bean Cultivars and their Potential for Food Applications. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020186"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.03.148","article-title":"Comparative study on the chemical composition, anthocyanins, tocopherols and carotenoids of selected legumes","volume":"260","author":"Kan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pullar, J.M., Carr, A.C., and Vissers, M.C.M. (2017). The roles of vitamin C in skin health. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080866"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bechara, N., Flood, V.M., and Gunton, J.E. (2022). A Systematic Review on the Role of Vitamin C in Tissue Healing. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081605"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86477-8","article-title":"Ascorbate oxidation by iron, copper and reactive oxygen species: Review, model development, and derivation of key rate constants","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12484","article-title":"Vitamin C promotes wound healing through novel pleiotropic mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Mohammed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Wound J."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01362.x","article-title":"Topically Applied Vitamin C Enhances the mRNA Level of Collagens I and III, Their Processing Enzymes and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in the Human Dermis","volume":"116","author":"Nusgens","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dosed\u011bl, M., Jirkovsk\u00fd, E., Mac\u00e1kov\u00e1, K., Kr\u010dmov\u00e1, L.K., Javorsk\u00e1, L., Pourov\u00e1, J., Mercolini, L., Remi\u00e3o, F., Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1, L., and Mlad\u011bnka, P. (2021). Vitamin C\u2014Sources, physiological role, kinetics, deficiency, use, toxicity, and determination. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020615"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Keogh, J.B., and Clifton, P.M. (2016). Polyphenols and glycemic control. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010017"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2016.41","article-title":"Flavonoids: An overview","volume":"5","author":"Panche","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-75182018000200032","article-title":"Una mirada actualizada de los beneficios fisiol\u00f3gicos derivados del consumo de legumbres","volume":"45","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Chil. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5143","article-title":"The influence of selected flavonoids from the leaves of Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop. on collagen expression in human skin fibroblasts","volume":"28","author":"Nazaruk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800245","article-title":"Bog blueberry anthocyanins alleviate photoaging in ultraviolet-B irradiation-induced human dermal fibroblasts","volume":"53","author":"Bae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_97","unstructured":"Giusti, M.M. (2013). Anthocyanins in Health and Disease, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2019.1570509","article-title":"Role of catechin on collagen type I stability upon oxidation: A NMR approach","volume":"34","author":"Lucarini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, C., Xiao, Z., Wu, Y., and Ge, C. (2020). Diet and Skin Aging\u2014From the Perspective of Food Nutrition. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030870"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matinong, A.M.E., Chisti, Y., Pickering, K.L., and Haverkamp, R.G. (2022). Collagen Extraction from Animal Skin. Biology, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11060905"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2018.e63","article-title":"Production of Bone Broth Powder with Spray Drying Using Three Different Carrier Agents","volume":"38","author":"Ergezer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J. Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2018.07.009","article-title":"Extraction and characterization of type I collagen from skin of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its potential application in biomedical scaffold material for tissue engineering","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajabimashhadi, Z., Gallo, N., Salvatore, L., and Lionetto, F. (2023). Collagen Derived from Fish Industry Waste: Progresses and Challenges. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15030544"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.204305","article-title":"The Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Plant- versus Animal-Based Protein Consumption","volume":"145","author":"Burd","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"12","article-title":"Beneficial effects of food supplements based on hydrolyzed collagen for skin care (Review)","volume":"20","author":"Lupu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S79447","article-title":"Assessment of clinical effects and safety of an oral supplement based on marine protein, vitamin C, grape seed extract, zinc, and tomato extract in the improvement of visible signs of skin aging in men","volume":"8","author":"Costa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.250","article-title":"Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults","volume":"78","author":"Volpi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026618666180810143730","article-title":"Dermal Collagen Stabilization by Polyphenols and Spray Drying as an Encapsulation Strategy","volume":"18","author":"Carolina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deane, C.S., Bass, J.J., Crossland, H., Phillips, B.E., and Atherton, P.J. (2020). Animal, Plant, Collagen and Blended Dietary Proteins: Effects on Musculoskeletal Outcomes. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092670"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.3.660S","article-title":"Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment","volume":"78","author":"Pimentel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiersnowska, K., and Jakubczyk, A. (2022). Bioactive Peptides Obtained from Legume Seeds as New Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome Prevention and Diet Therapy. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11203300"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.02.030","article-title":"Approaches for enhancing oral bioavailability of peptides and proteins","volume":"447","author":"Renukuntla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10470","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2021.1945953","article-title":"Catechin isolated from faba beans (Vicia faba L.): Insights from oxidative stress and hypoglycemic effect in yeast cells through confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and in silico strategy","volume":"40","author":"Choudhary","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/10820132211023258","article-title":"Bioavailability and radical scavenging power of phenolic compounds of cocoa and coffee mixtures","volume":"28","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol. Int."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2016.02.007","article-title":"Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion","volume":"30","author":"Kiela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-7647-4_3","article-title":"SLC Family Transporters","volume":"1141","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.258889","article-title":"Transcriptional and functional regulation of the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1","volume":"592","author":"Spanier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Chu, C., Ji, X., Luo, G., Xu, C., He, H., Yao, J., Wu, J., Hu, J., and Jin, Y. (2022). Biology of Peptide Transporter 2 in Mammals: New Insights into Its Function, Structure and Regulation. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11182874"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer, M. (2019). Processing of collagen based biomaterials and the resulting materials properties. BioMed. Eng. OnLine, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-019-0647-0"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"202759","article-title":"Nutrigenomics: Definitions and Advances of This New Science","volume":"6","author":"Sales","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"189","article-title":"Amino acids in human and animal nutrition","volume":"143","author":"Karau","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mullins, A.P., and Arjmandi, B.H. (2021). Health benefits of plant-based nutrition: Focus on beans in cardiometabolic diseases. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020519"},{"key":"ref_123","unstructured":"Shahidi, F., Yu, L., Tsao, R., and Shahidi, F. (2012). Cereals and Pulses, Wiley."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/21\/4561\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:12:55Z","timestamp":1760130775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/21\/4561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15214561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15214561","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]}}}