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In a 6-month randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effects on oral microbiota and on oral health of dietary advice aimed at increasing protein intake to \u22651.2 g\/kg adjusted body weight\/day (g\/kg aBW\/d) in community-dwelling older adults with low habitual protein intake (&lt;1.0 g\/kg aBW\/d). Food intake was measured via 24 h dietary recalls, oral health was measured via questionnaires, and oral microbial composition was assessed via the 16S rRNA sequencing of tongue swabs. Mean baseline protein intake was 0.8 g\/kg aBW\/day in both groups. In the high protein group (n = 47), participants increased their protein intake to mean 1.2 g\/kg aBW\/day at the 6-month follow-up. Protein intake in the control group (n = 43) remained at 0.9 g\/kg a BW\/day. The intervention did not affect self-reported oral health. While it caused moderate shifts in oral microbiota alpha- and beta-diversity measures, abundances of individual bacterial taxa were not affected. In conclusion, our intervention did not affect self-reported oral health within a period of 6 months, nor did it substantially affect the tongue microbiota composition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T09:56:36Z","timestamp":1698400596000},"page":"4567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of Dietary Advice Aimed at Increasing Protein Intake on Oral Health and Oral Microbiota in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kristina S.","family":"Fluitman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"van den Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO Earth, Life and Social Sciences, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Reinders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanneke A. 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