{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T21:23:01Z","timestamp":1783200181082,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitiligo is a common autoimmune skin disease caused by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. The diverse effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\u2083 [1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083] on immune cell metabolism and proliferation have made it an interesting candidate as a supporting therapeutic option in various autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 in vitiligo. Cross-sectional relationships between serum 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 levels and disease characteristics were investigated in 327 patients with vitiligo. The immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects of 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 were then investigated in vivo and in vitro, respectively. We found that 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 deficiency was associated with hyperactivity of CD8+ T cells in the vitiligo cohort. In addition, 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 suppressed glycolysis by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, cytotoxicity and aberrant activation of CD8+ T cells. Finally, the in vivo administration of 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 to melanocyte-associated vitiligo (MAV) mice reduced the infiltration and function of CD8+ T cells and promoted repigmentation. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 may serve as an essential biomarker of the progression and severity of vitiligo. The modulation of autoreactive CD8+ T cell function and glycolysis by 1,25(OH)\u2082D\u2083 may be a novel approach for treating vitiligo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T08:15:56Z","timestamp":1699258556000},"page":"4697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Provides Benefits in Vitiligo Based on Modulation of CD8+ T Cell Glycolysis and Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujia","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ri","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1084-4624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Review","volume":"236","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","article-title":"Vitiligo: Mechanisms of Pathogenesis and Treatment","volume":"38","author":"Frisoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. 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