{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:41:28Z","timestamp":1777336888689,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between food and the pathophysiological mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is unclear. There are few data on the impact of dietary habits on GERD symptoms and on the incidence of GERD in subjects undergoing plant-based diets. In this study, we investigated the association between diet and GERD, using data collected through an online survey of the Italian general population. In total, 1077 subjects participated in the study. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all subjects age, gender, body mass index (BMI), marital status, education, occupation, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits were recorded. All participants also completed the SF-36 questionnaire on Quality of Life. A total of 402 subjects (37.3%) were vegans and 675 (62.7%) non-vegans. The prevalence of GERD in the total population was 9%. Subjects with GERD-related symptoms recorded a worse quality of life according to SF-36 analysis (p &lt; 0.05 for all dimensions). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, participants undergoing a vegan diet had a significantly lower risk of GERD (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.28\u20130.81, p = 0.006). These findings should be taken into account to inform the lifestyle management of GERD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T03:42:40Z","timestamp":1699501360000},"page":"4725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Role of a Plant-Only (Vegan) Diet in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Online Survey of the Italian General Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5540-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 98121 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5263-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Bonetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierfrancesco","family":"Visaggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Orazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Solinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Guidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, 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56126 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"NUTRAFOOD, Interdepartmental Center for Nutraceutical Research and Nutrition for Health, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2018.32","article-title":"Advances in the Physiological Assessment and Diagnosis of GERD","volume":"15","author":"Savarino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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