{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:19:11Z","timestamp":1788956351721,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID-2020-12371617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-2020-12371617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Older individuals face an elevated risk of developing geriatric syndromes when confronted with acute stressors like COVID-19. We assessed the connection between in-hospital delirium, malnutrition, and frailty in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors. Patients aged \u226565, hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Milan for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, were enrolled and screened for in-hospital delirium with the 4 \u2018A\u2019s Test (4AT) performed twice daily (morning and evening) during hospital stay. Malnutrition was assessed with the malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) at hospital admission and with the mini-nutritional assessment short-form (MNA-SF) one month after hospital discharge. Frailty was computed with the frailty index one month after hospital discharge. Fifty patients (median age 78.5, 56% male) were enrolled. At hospital admission, 10% were malnourished. The 13 patients (26%) who developed delirium were frailer (7 vs. 4), experienced a higher in-hospital mortality (5 vs. 3), and were more malnourished one month after discharge (3 of the 4 patients with delirium vs. 6 of the 28 patients without delirium who presented at follow up). The 4AT scores correlated with the MNA-SF scores (r = \u22120.55, p = 0.006) and frailty (r = 0.35, p = 0.001). Frailty also correlated with MUST (r = 0.3, p = 0.04), MNA-SF (r = \u22120.42, p = 0.02), and hospitalization length (r = 0.44, p = 0.001). Delirium, malnutrition, and frailty are correlated in COVID-19 survivors. Screening for these geriatric syndromes should be incorporated in routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T03:42:40Z","timestamp":1699501360000},"page":"4727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring the Association between Delirium and Malnutrition in COVID-19 Survivors: A Geriatric Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-3688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Damanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"General Medicine and Continuity of Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver Disease, Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giordano","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine and Continuity of Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Tiraferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pomaranzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Rubertis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"De Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Lucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Scotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Messina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1058-505X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Dell\u2019Acqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Guffanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cinque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrizia","family":"Rovere-Querini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita Salute University, 20100 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"General Medicine and Continuity of Care Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Division of Immunology, Transplantation & Infectious Diseases, Universit\u00e0 Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moreno","family":"Tresoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of General Medicine and Advanced Care, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01156.x","article-title":"Geriatric Syndromes: Clinical, Research and Policy Implications of a Core Geriatric Concept","volume":"55","author":"Inouye","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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