{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T09:19:22Z","timestamp":1760347162418,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) together with preterm birth could be harmful to bone health. The aim of the study was to examine bone status in IUGR versus non-IUGR preterms and to analyze the nutritional management best correlated with its improvement. Newborns &lt; 34 weeks of gestational age (wGA), 75 IUGR and 75 non-IUGR, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the University Hospital of Padova were enrolled and monitored from birth until 36 wGA through anthropometry (weight, length, head circumference, lower limb length (LLL)), biochemistry, bone quantitative ultrasound assessment of bone status (metacarpus bone transmission time, mc-BTT, us) and nutritional intakes monitoring during parenteral nutrition. IUGR compared to non-IUGR showed lower mean mc-BTT (0.45 vs. 0.51, p = 0.0005) and plasmatic phosphate (1.45 vs. 1.79, p &lt; 0.001) at birth. Mc-BTT at 36 wGA, though equal between groups, correlated in IUGR newborns with basal phosphate, mean total energy of the first week and month (positively) and days to reach full enteral feeding (negatively). Lower i.v. vitamin D intake, LLL and prolonged total parenteral nutrition predicted worse mc-BTT at 36 wGA in the enrolled infants. These results suggest that preterms and in particular IUGR newborns need special nutritional care to promote bone development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:30:29Z","timestamp":1699842629000},"page":"4753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bone Status and Early Nutrition in Preterm Newborns with and without Intrauterine Growth Restriction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1226-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Meneghelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Peruzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Priante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Cavicchiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7700-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bonadies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8202-0010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Moschino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2676-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"De Terlizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, IGEA, 41012 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Verlato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Paediatric Nutrition Service, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200301000-00005","article-title":"The Bone Disease of Preterm Birth: A Biomechanical Perspective","volume":"53","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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