{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:02:15Z","timestamp":1768809735031,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Operational Program\u2014Lubuskie 2020"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Physical exercise, especially of high intensity, is a significant burden on an athlete\u2019s body. It should be emphasized that achieving high results in competitive sports requires the use of significant, sometimes extreme, exercise loads during training, which may result in homeostasis disorders, adversely affecting the fitness of athletes. This study aims to investigate the effects of 6 months of bovine colostrum supplementation on indicators of immune system functioning, selected parameters related to iron management, and anabolic\/catabolic balance in young football players. Twenty-eight male football players completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol (24 weeks of colostrum\/placebo). A standardized exercise test was executed at the beginning of the trial and after 3 and 6 months of supplementation. Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise test and after 3 h of recovery. Markers of iron homeostasis, pro- and anti-inflammatory balance, and hormonal responses were determined. A significant increase in immunoglobulin G concentration was observed, accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory markers in supplemented athletes. Bovine colostrum supplementation had no significant effect on athletes\u2019 performance or on iron management and hormonal response. The use of bovine colostrum, which is characterized by a high content of immunologically active compounds, can be an element of a relatively mild and safe intervention for reducing inflammation induced by intense physical exercise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T11:04:32Z","timestamp":1699959872000},"page":"4779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-Term Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Football Players"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0407-2592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142awa","family":"Cie\u015blicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Kar\u0142owicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"Stankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Muszkieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Culture, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Tafil-Klawe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Kar\u0142owicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Klawe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Nicolaus Copernicus University Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7795-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Skarpa\u0144ska-Stejnborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4214-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Ostapiuk-Karolczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorz\u00f3w Wielkopolski, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"997","article-title":"Recovery in Soccer: Part I\u2014Post-Match Fatigue and Time Course of Recovery","volume":"42","author":"McCall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0313-z","article-title":"Match Running Performance During Fixture Congestion in Elite Soccer: Research Issues and Future Directions","volume":"45","author":"Carling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.2165\/11317860-000000000-00000","article-title":"Bovine Colostrum Supplementation and Exercise Performance: Potential Mechanisms","volume":"39","author":"Shing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Superti, F. 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