{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:45:13Z","timestamp":1790700313865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz, Poland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/1-000-01\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-000-01\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Lipid disorders are one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the lipid profile in early childhood in the population of Polish children born small for gestational age (SGA). Materials and Methods: The study included 140 patients (93 SGA children and 47 controls) aged 5 to 11 years. All the subjects underwent a physical examination and blood laboratory tests for the glucose and lipid profiles. The SGA group was divided into subgroups, i.e., symmetrical and asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Results: Blood sample analysis revealed higher levels of total cholesterol (SGA group 190.61 \u00b1 24.66 mg\/dL vs. controls 143.23 \u00b1 23.90; p &lt; 0.001). The analysis of particular cholesterol fractions showed significantly higher mean values of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as lower mean values of HDL cholesterol in SGA children. Children in both groups did not differ significantly in terms of weight or body mass index. A statistically significantly higher glucose concentration was observed in SGA patients with the symmetrical type of IUGR. Analyzing the differences regarding metabolic factors, we obtained a statistically significant difference only in fasting glucose concentration (asymmetrical IUGR = 90.56 \u00b1 10.21 vs. symmetrical IUGR = 98.95 \u00b1 14.79; p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Children born SGA, even those not suffering from overweight or obesity in their early childhood, have an abnormal lipid profile, which may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T10:57:46Z","timestamp":1700045866000},"page":"4781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3571-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Zamojska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Niewiadomska-Jarosik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Kierzkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2780-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Gruca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-1236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wosiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Smolewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2018.23.1.4","article-title":"Small for gestational age and obesity related comorbidities","volume":"23","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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