{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:41:04Z","timestamp":1787578864269,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with Current Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity has been suggested as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and may negatively effect the progression of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine any correlation between overweight\/obesity and the clinical and neuroradiological features at the onset of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS). Were included patients referred to the POMS Unit of the Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital between June 2012 and June 2021. The diagnosis of MS with an onset of less than 18 years was required. For all included subjects, we considered for the analysis the following data at the onset of symptoms: general data (age, sex, functional system compromised by neurological signs, weight and height), brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid exams. We identified 55 pediatric cases of POMS and divided them into two groups according to the body mass index (BMI): 60% were healthy weight (HW) and 40% were overweight\/obese (OW\/O). OW\/O patients experienced a two-year age difference in disease onset compared to the HW patients (12.7 \u00b1 3.8 years vs. 14.6 \u00b1 4.1 years; p &lt; 0.05). Onset of polyfocal symptoms was seen more frequently in OW\/O patients than in HW (72.7% vs. 21.2%; p &lt; 0.05). The pyramidal functions were involved more frequently in the OW\/O group than in the HW group (50% vs. 25%; p &lt; 0.005). Black holes were detected more frequently in OW\/O patients in onset MRI scans compared to the HW group (50% vs. 15.5%; p &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that being overweight\/obese affects the risk of developing MS at an earlier age and is associated with an unfavorable clinical\u2013radiological features at onset. Weight control can be considered as a preventive\/therapeutic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15234880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T08:47:43Z","timestamp":1700642863000},"page":"4880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Defining the Silhouette of Disease Features in Overweight Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Papetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Panella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Hospital of Rome, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela Ada Noris","family":"Ferilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuela","family":"Tarantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-2768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina Proietti","family":"Checchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-103X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Valeriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Developmental Neurology Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Sensory Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.7.1006","article-title":"University of British Columbia MSCN. 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