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Knee joint and fecal samples of rats were collected. The pathological characteristics of knee cartilage were observed by safranin O\/fast green staining. DNA was extracted from fecal samples for PCR amplification, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to compare the gut microbiota of rats. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (81.39% vs. 77.06%) and Bacteroidetes (11.11% vs. 14.85%) were dominant in the Se-deficient (SD) group and T-2 exposure (T-2) groups. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 (12.62%) and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (10.31%) in the SD group were higher. In the T-2 group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (11.71%) and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (9.26%) were higher. At the species level, the high-quality bacteria in the SD group was Ruminococcus_1_unclassified, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005_unclassified in the T-2 group. Lactobacillus_sp__L_YJ and Lactobacillus_crispatus were the most significant biomarkers in the T-2 group. This study analyzed the different compositions of gut microbiota in rats induced by selenium deficiency and T-2 toxin, and revealed the changes in gut microbiota, so as to provide a certain basis for promoting the study of the pathogenesis of Kashin\u2013Beck disease (KBD).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T05:57:08Z","timestamp":1701928628000},"page":"5027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota from Rats Induced by Se Deficiency and T-2 Toxin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, 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