{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T22:24:54Z","timestamp":1777328694816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aarhus University"},{"name":"Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation"},{"name":"Axel Muusfeldt Foundation"},{"name":"The Augustinus Foundation"},{"name":"The Danish Medical Association Research Foundation"},{"name":"The A.P. M\u00f8ller Foundation"},{"name":"The Toyota Foundation"},{"name":"Orkla Care, Denmark"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent obstetrical concern associated with an increased risk of complications like pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and growth retardation. Vitamin D status in pregnancy is also linked to long-term offspring health, e.g., the risk of obesity, metabolic disease, and neurodevelopmental problems. Despite the suspected role of vitamin D in placental diseases and fetal development, there is limited knowledge on the effect of vitamin D on placental function. Thus, we performed next-generation RNA sequencing, comparing the placental transcriptome from uncomplicated term pregnancies receiving the often-recommended dose of 10 \u00b5g vitamin D\/day (n = 36) with pregnancies receiving 90 \u00b5g\/day (n = 34) from late first trimester to delivery. Maternal vitamin D status in the first trimester was also considered. We found that signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, immune function, and neurodevelopment were affected, supporting that increased vitamin D supplementation benefits placental function in established pregnancies without severe vitamin D deficiency, also underlining the importance of vitamin D in brain development. Specific effects of the first trimester vitamin D status and offspring sex were also identified. Further studies are warranted, addressing the optimal vitamin status during pregnancy with a focus on organ-specific vitamin D needs in individual pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T03:03:33Z","timestamp":1702004613000},"page":"5032","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Significantly Affects the Placental Transcriptome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Louise","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matilde K.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rasmus V.","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pinar","family":"Bor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, 8930 Randers, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnete","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9414-3","article-title":"Vitamin D administration during pregnancy as prevention for pregnancy, neonatal and postnatal complications","volume":"18","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030389","article-title":"Vitamin D status during pregnancy and aspects of offspring health","volume":"2","author":"Ponsonby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R65","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0541","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D deficiency and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)","volume":"241","author":"Ideraabdullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thorsteinsdottir, F., Cardoso, I., Keller, A., Stougaard, M., Frederiksen, P., Cohen, A.S., Maslova, E., Jacobsen, R., Backer, V., and Heitmann, B.L. (2020). Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Asthma in Childhood: Results from the D-Tect Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030842"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20708","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00250-5","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency during late pregnancy mediates placenta-associated complications","volume":"11","author":"Sarkis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutabarat, M., Wibowo, N., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., and Huppertz, B. (2018). Impact of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor on the trophoblast survival capacity in preeclampsia. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206725"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan, K.M., and Kiely, M. (2018). Systematic Review of Vitamin D and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10030294"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.765849","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D status and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0718","article-title":"Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of preeclampsia","volume":"92","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.130419","article-title":"Vitamin D status is associated with uteroplacental dysfunction indicated by pre-eclampsia and small-for-gestational-age birth in a large prospective pregnancy cohort in Ireland with low vitamin D status","volume":"104","author":"Kiely","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuw033","article-title":"Maternal nutrition: Opportunities in the prevention of gestational diabetes","volume":"75","author":"Samuel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.737","article-title":"Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Maghbooli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz260","article-title":"The association of vitamin D status and supplementation during pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: A Chinese prospective birth cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182.E1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.05.022","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"207","author":"Burris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Obs. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12210","article-title":"Global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status\u2014A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Saraf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern. Child. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.06.038","article-title":"Growth and function of the normal human placenta","volume":"114","author":"Gude","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.009","article-title":"The \u201cGreat Obstetrical Syndromes\u201d are associated with disorders of deep placentation","volume":"204","author":"Brosens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2013.07.063","article-title":"Placental programming of chronic diseases, cancer and lifespan: A review","volume":"34","author":"Barker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.02.012","article-title":"The Human Placenta Project: Placental structure, development, and function in real time","volume":"35","author":"Guttmacher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys116","article-title":"The placental origins of sudden cardiac death","volume":"41","author":"Barker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2004.02.002","article-title":"Vitamin D and placental-decidual function","volume":"11","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.153429","article-title":"Placental vitamin D metabolism and its associations with circulating vitamin D metabolites in pregnant women","volume":"106","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9607-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and pregnancy: Skeletal effects, nonskeletal effects, and birth outcomes","volume":"92","author":"Hollis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00109","article-title":"Effectiveness of Prenatal Vitamin D Deficiency Screening and Treatment Program: A Stratified Randomized Field Trial","volume":"103","author":"Rostami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.02.023","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation in pregnancy on risk of pre-eclampsia -Randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3491","article-title":"Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation: Results of an Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial of Antenatal Vitamin D Supplementation in Pakistani Women","volume":"99","author":"Hossain","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Ross, A.C., Taylor, C.L., Yaktine, A.L., and Del Valle, H.B. (2011). Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D, The National Academies Press Institute of Medicine."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14019","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency among Danish pregnant women-Prevalence and association with adverse obstetric outcomes and placental vitamin D metabolism","volume":"100","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scandinavica"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vestergaard, A.L., Christensen, M., Andreasen, M.F., Larsen, A., and Bor, P. (2023). Vitamin D in pregnancy (GRAVITD)\u2014A randomised controlled trial identifying associations and mechanisms linking maternal Vitamin D deficiency to placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes\u2014Study protocol. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05484-x"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01261-5","article-title":"Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gearing, L.J., Cumming, H.E., Chapman, R., Finkel, A.M., Woodhouse, I.B., Luu, K., Gould, J.A., Forster, S.C., and Hertzog, P.J. (2019). CiiiDER: A tool for predicting and analysing transcription factor binding sites. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1101\/599621"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1454","article-title":"Nonclassic actions of vitamin D","volume":"94","author":"Bikle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-022-09324-6","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency leads to the abnormal activation of the complement system","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.02.001","article-title":"Colonic transcriptional response to 1\u03b1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D(3) in African- and European-Americans","volume":"168","author":"Alleyne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loda, A., and Heard, E. (2019). Xist RNA in action: Past, present, and future. PLoS Genet., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008333"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"(2023, September 29). Available online: https:\/\/www.genecards.org\/."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4133","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03807.x","article-title":"Characterization of eIF3k: A newly discovered subunit of mammalian translation initiation factor elF3","volume":"270","author":"Mayeur","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14267","article-title":"eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or repression","volume":"522","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72313","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72313","article-title":"A functional screen of RNA binding proteins identifies genes that promote or limit the accumulation of CD138+ plasma cells","volume":"11","author":"Turner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4928315","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4928315","article-title":"Prevalence of Syndecan-1 (CD138) Expression in Different Kinds of Human Tumors and Normal Tissues","volume":"2019","author":"Kind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00364-7","article-title":"The Involvement of Cell Adhesion Molecules, Tight Junctions, and Gap Junctions in Human Placentation","volume":"28","author":"Czika","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babakhanzadeh, E., Khodadadian, A., Rostami, S., Alipourfard, I., Aghaei, M., Nazari, M., Hosseinnia, M., Mehrjardi, M.Y.V., Jamshidi, Y., and Ghasemi, N. (2020). Testicular expression of TDRD1, TDRD5, TDRD9 and TDRD12 in azoospermia. BMC Med. Genet., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-020-0970-0"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16492","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316316110","article-title":"Tudor domain containing 12 (TDRD12) is essential for secondary PIWI interacting RNA biogenesis in mice","volume":"110","author":"Pandey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.308","article-title":"A systematic analysis of Drosophila TUDOR domain-containing proteins identifies Vreteno and the Tdrd12 family as essential primary piRNA pathway factors","volume":"30","author":"Handler","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.087","article-title":"Exonuclease Domain-Containing 1 Enhances MIWI2 piRNA Biogenesis via Its Interaction with TDRD12","volume":"24","author":"Pandey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2023.05.017","article-title":"Unveiling the hidden players: The crucial role of transposable elements in the placenta and their potential contribution to pre-eclampsia","volume":"141","author":"Keighley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R107","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0642","article-title":"Immunological role of vitamin D at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"224","author":"Tamblyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.02.004","article-title":"Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence","volume":"12","author":"Pludowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12716","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12716","article-title":"Immunological function of vitamin D during human pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlberg, C. (2019). Nutrigenomics of Vitamin D. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030676"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.02.015","article-title":"Relationship between vitamin D status in pregnancy and the risk for preeclampsia: A nested case-control study","volume":"39","author":"Benachi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2015.1056780","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4702","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI89031","article-title":"Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of preeclampsia","volume":"126","author":"Mirzakhani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadama, A.P., Mirzakhani, H., McElrath, T.F., Litonjua, A.A., and Weiss, S.T. (2020). Transcriptome analysis of early pregnancy vitamin D status and spontaneous preterm birth. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227193"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12876","article-title":"Prenatal vitamin D status and respiratory and allergic outcomes in childhood: A meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"29","author":"Morales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loddo, F., Nauleau, S., Lapalus, D., Tardieu, S., Bernard, O., and Boubred, F. (2023). Association of Maternal Gestational Vitamin D Supplementation with Respiratory Health of Young Children. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15102380"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00871-0","article-title":"The impact of maternal obesity on childhood neurodevelopment","volume":"41","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2015.179","article-title":"The role of systemic inflammation linking maternal BMI to neurodevelopment in children","volume":"79","author":"Sen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodgers, M.D., Mead, M.J., McWhorter, C.A., Ebeling, M.D., Shary, J.R., Newton, D.A., Baatz, J.E., Gregoski, M.J., Hollis, B.W., and Wagner, C.L. (2023). Vitamin D and Child Neurodevelopment-A Post Hoc Analysis. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194250"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2017.03.016","article-title":"Changes in the human transcriptome upon vitamin D supplementation","volume":"173","author":"Pasing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verburg, P.E., Tucker, G., Scheil, W., Erwich, J.J., Dekker, G.A., and Roberts, C.T. (2016). Sexual Dimorphism in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes\u2014A Retrospective Australian Population Study 1981\u20132011. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158807"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/24\/5032\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:35:01Z","timestamp":1760132101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/15\/24\/5032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["nu15245032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15245032","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]}}}