{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T07:40:03Z","timestamp":1776843603739,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":239,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences of the University of Milan, Milan, Italy","award":["202247M2AP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202247M2AP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory status is one of the main drivers in the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Specific unhealthy dietary patterns and the growing consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) may influence the inflammation process, which negatively modulates the gut microbiota and increases the risk of NCDs. Moreover, several chronic health conditions require special long-term dietary treatment, characterized by altered ratios of the intake of nutrients or by the consumption of disease-specific foods. In this narrative review, we aimed to collect the latest evidence on the pro-inflammatory potential of dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients in children affected by multifactorial diseases but also on the dietetic approaches used as treatment for specific diseases. Considering multifactorial diet-related diseases, the triggering effect of pro-inflammatory diets has been addressed for metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases, and the latter for adults only. Future research is required on multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and pediatric cancer, in which the role of inflammation is emerging. For diseases requiring special diets, the role of single or multiple foods, possibly associated with inflammation, was assessed, but more studies are needed. The evidence collected highlighted the need for health professionals to consider the entire dietary pattern, providing balanced and healthy diets not only to permit the metabolic control of the disease itself, but also to prevent the development of NCDs in adolescence and adulthood. Personalized nutritional approaches, in close collaboration between the hospital, country, and families, must always be promoted together with the development of new methods for the assessment of pro-inflammatory dietary habits in pediatric age and the implementation of telemedicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15245095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T08:55:16Z","timestamp":1702457716000},"page":"5095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dietary Inflammatory Potential in Pediatric Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4859-5288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Tosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Montanari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Bona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Tricella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Agostinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6309-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonabell","family":"Dolor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Chillemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6155-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Di Profio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica Maria","family":"Tagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3001-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Vizzuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianvincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2111-3111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Verduci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533610385703","article-title":"Diet and Inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Galland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. 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