{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:45:37Z","timestamp":1790207137228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The relationship between diet, sleep duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been well understood. The aim of the present study was to test the potential modifying role of sleep duration in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean-type diet (MD) and CVD risk. The study consisted of n = 313 initially free-of-CVD adults, from the ATTICA cohort study (2002\u20132022), with available information on sleep habits. Sleep habits were categorized as inadequate and adequate sleep duration (&lt; or \u22657 h\/day, respectively). In multi-adjusted analysis, MD adherence was inversely associated with CVD risk [Hazard Ratio-HR per 1\/55 in MedDietScore: 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 0.65, 0.98]. A significant interaction between sleep duration and MedDietScore was observed (p &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the protective association between MD adherence and CVD risk was found only in participants who slept adequately, i.e., &gt;7 h\/day [HR:0.80, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.98]. Those who had a high adherence to the MD along with adequate sleep habits, had a 70% reduced 20-year CVD risk [HR:0.30, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.80], compared to those who had a low MD adherence and inadequate sleep habits. Sleep duration should be a part of an individual\u2019s lifestyle, together with dietary and other habits, to effectively evaluate CVD risk for future events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T03:47:56Z","timestamp":1703044076000},"page":"12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: The Moderating Role of Adequate Sleep\u2014Results from the ATTICA Cohort Study (2002\u20132022)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Damigou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Chrysohoou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Vafia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fotios","family":"Barkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evrydiki","family":"Kravvariti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elpiniki","family":"Vlachopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Kyrili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costas","family":"Tsioufis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Pitsavos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Liberopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros P.","family":"Sfikakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-153X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demosthenes","family":"Panagiotakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2016.05.380","article-title":"The Mediterranean Diet from Ancel Keys to the UNESCO Cultural Heritage. 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