{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:17:31Z","timestamp":1791224251580,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with Ricerca Corrente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Nicotinamide is the active form of vitamin B3 (niacin) obtained through endogenous synthesis, mainly through tryptophan metabolism and dietary supplements, fish, meats, grains, and dairy products. It participates in cellular energy metabolism and modulates multiple cellular survival and death pathways. Nicotinamide has been widely studied as a safe chemopreventive agent that reduces actinic keratosis (AKs) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Methods: We used the Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases to search the concepts \u201cnicotinamide\u201d, \u201cchemoprevention\u201d, and \u201cskin cancer\u201d up to August 2023. Three independent authors screened titles and abstracts for intervention and study design before searching full texts for eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the impact of oral nicotinamide on the incidence of NMSC in high-risk patients. We also conducted a systematic search to identify relevant epidemiological studies published evaluating dietary niacin intake and the risk of NMSC. Results: Two hundred and twenty-five studies were reviewed, and four met the inclusion criteria. There was no association between NAM consumption and risk for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (rate ratio (RR) 0.81, 95% CI 0.48\u20131.37; I2 = 0%), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.50\u20131.55; I2 = 63%), and NMSC (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.61\u20131.12; I2 = 63%). Adverse events were rare and acceptable, allowing optimal compliance of patients to the treatment. We found only one article evaluating the association between niacin dietary intake and NMSC risk, supporting a potential beneficial role of niacin intake concerning SCC but not BCC or melanoma. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis shows, by pooling immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, that there is insufficient evidence that oral nicotinamide therapy significantly reduces the number of keratinocyte cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T10:23:54Z","timestamp":1703672634000},"page":"100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Role of Nicotinamide as Chemo-Preventive Agent in NMSCs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8231-2814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Tosti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato-Oncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-2473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato-Oncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0560-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Gnagnarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermato-Oncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4944-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurora","family":"Gaeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca 8, 20126 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Queirolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1348-4548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Gandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Pharmaco-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, W., Fang, L., Ni, R., Zhang, H., and Pan, G. 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