{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:41:50Z","timestamp":1792806110516,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]],"date-time":"2023-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AECOM The Spanish Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism"},{"name":"Recordati Rare Diseases","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x68eg25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is recognized as an independent risk factor for various significant medical conditions, yet controversy persists around its assessment and management. The diagnosis of disorders afffecting homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism faces delays due to insufficient awareness of its clinical presentation and unique biochemical characteristics. In cases of arterial or venous thrombotic vascular events, particularly with other comorbidities, it is crucial to consider moderate to severe HHcy. A nutritional approach to HHcy management involves implementing dietary strategies and targeted supplementation, emphasizing key nutrients like vitamin B6, B12, and folate that are crucial for Hcy conversion. Adequate intake of these vitamins, along with betaine supplementation, supports Hcy remethylation. Lifestyle modifications, such as smoking cessation and regular physical activity, complement the nutritional approach to enhance Hcy metabolism. For individuals with HHcy, maintaining a plasma Hcy concentration below 50 \u03bcmol\/L consistently is vital to lowering the risk of vascular events. Collaboration with healthcare professionals and dietitians is essential for developing personalized dietary plans addressing the specific needs and underlying health conditions. This integrated approach aims to optimize metabolic processes and reduce the associated health risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,31]],"date-time":"2023-12-31T04:51:51Z","timestamp":1703998311000},"page":"135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Hyperhomocysteinemia in Adult Patients: A Treatable Metabolic Condition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7578-241X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingo","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Lamu\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Department, Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-0451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jes\u00fas","family":"Arrieta-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena Dios","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, 41013 Sevilla, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Forga-Visa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Cl\u00ednic Hospital, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monstserrat","family":"Morales-Conejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Congenital Metabolic Diseases and Other Rare Diseases, Internal Medicine Department, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6052-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Pe\u00f1a-Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Insular Materno-Infantil University Hospital Complex, Asociaci\u00f3n Canaria de Investigaci\u00f3n Pedi\u00e1trica, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de la Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4450-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidro","family":"Vitoria-Mi\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Unit, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.573410","article-title":"Efficacy of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid in stroke prevention","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003768","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003768","article-title":"Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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