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As fatty acids (FAs) play a role in appetite regulation, we investigated the maternal and fetal levels of FAs as potential contributors to programmed hyperphagia observed in the offspring of obese dams. Female mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or HF prior to mating, and fetal and maternal blood and tissues were collected at 19 days of gestation. Elevated levels of linoleic acid were observed in the serum of HF dams as well as in the serum of their fetuses. An increased concentration of eicosadienoic acid was also detected in the hypothalamus of female HF-O fetuses. HF-O male fetuses showed increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression, while HF-O female fetuses showed decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) protein content. Both male and female fetuses exhibited reduced hypothalamic neurogenin 3 (NGN-3) gene expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that LA contributed to the decreased gene expression of Pomc and Ngn-3 in neuronal cells. During lactation, HF female offspring consumed more milk and had a higher body weight compared to CT. In summary, this study demonstrated that exposure to HF prior to and during gestation alters the FA composition in maternal serum and fetal serum and hypothalamus, particularly increasing n-6, which may play a role in the switch from POMC to NPY neurons, leading to increased weight gain in the offspring during lactation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T07:42:16Z","timestamp":1706082136000},"page":"340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5488-7343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayara da N\u00f3brega","family":"Baqueiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Ang\u00e9lica de Paula","family":"Simino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Panzarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6408-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa","family":"Reginato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9663-5291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Alberto","family":"Torsoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2040-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Ign\u00e1cio-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6322-5368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marciane","family":"Milanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32129-3","article-title":"Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"390","author":"Bentham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, September 22). 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