{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:12:36Z","timestamp":1792789956760,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"predoctoral fellowship","award":["predoc20_002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["predoc20_002"]}]},{"name":"predoctoral fellowship","award":["CD22\/00053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD22\/00053"]}]},{"name":"\u201cSara Borrell\u201d postdoctoral contract","award":["predoc20_002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["predoc20_002"]}]},{"name":"\u201cSara Borrell\u201d postdoctoral contract","award":["CD22\/00053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD22\/00053"]}]},{"name":"FRESENEIUS KABI","award":["predoc20_002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["predoc20_002"]}]},{"name":"FRESENEIUS KABI","award":["CD22\/00053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CD22\/00053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of cancer with high mortality rates and significant implications for nutritional status. Accurate assessment of malnutrition in patients with HNC is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasound techniques for predicting nutritional status, malnutrition, and cancer outcomes in patients with HNC. A total of 494 patients with HNC were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Various tools and body composition measurements, including muscle mass and adipose tissue ultrasound evaluations, were implemented. Using regression models, we mainly found that high levels of RF-CSA (rectus femoris cross-sectional area) were associated with a decreased risk of malnutrition (as defined with GLIM criteria (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68\u20130.98); as defined with PG-SGA (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62\u20130.98)) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49\u20130.82) after being adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. To predict the importance of muscle mass ultrasound variables on the risk of mortality, a nomogram, a random forest, and decision tree models were conducted. RF-CSA was the most important variable under the random forest model. The obtained C-index for the nomogram was 0.704, and the Brier score was 16.8. With an RF-CSA &lt; 2.7 (AUC of 0.653 (0.59\u20130.77)) as a split, the decision tree model classified up to 68% of patients as possessing a high probability of survival. According to the cut-off value of 2.7 cm2, patients with a low RF-CSA value lower than 2.7 cm2 had worse survival rates (p &lt; 0.001). The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing ultrasound tools, for accurate diagnoses and monitoring of malnutrition in patients with HNC. Adipose tissue ultrasound measurements were only weakly associated with malnutrition and not with sarcopenia, indicating that muscle mass is a more important indicator of overall health and nutritional status. These results have the potential to improve survival rates and quality of life by enabling early intervention and personalized nutritional management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T08:54:03Z","timestamp":1706518443000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Ultrasound Muscle Evaluation for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Large-Scale and Multicenter Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, QuironSalud Malaga Hospital, 29004 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Roque-Cu\u00e9llar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Nutrition Clinical Management Unit, University Hospital San Cecilio, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Institute of Granada, Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine of Granada, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de M\u00e1laga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital, 29007 Malaga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Novo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, FIBAO (Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Andalucia Oriental), Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, 11009 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Prior-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Jaen University Hospital, 23071 Jaen, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Carmona-Llanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz (INIBICA), Jerez de la Frontera University Hospital, 11407 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sof\u00eda University Hospital, 14011 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felisa Pilar","family":"Zarco-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Valme University Hospital, 41014 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7780-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Miguel-Luengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Badajoz University Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7743-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatim","family":"Boughanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga Biomedical Research Institute and BIONAND Platform (IBIMA), 29010 Malaga, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad de Gesti\u00f3n Clinica Medicina Interna, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in C\u00f3rdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of C\u00f3rdoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Pablo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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