{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:05:20Z","timestamp":1792397120052,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder that often develops during pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). To ensure the well-being of both the mother and the fetus, the body undergoes multiple metabolic and immunological changes that result in peripheral IR and, under certain hereditary or acquired abnormalities, GDM in predisposed women. The adverse short- and long-term effects of GDM impact both the mother and the fetus. Nutrition seems to play an important role to prevent GDM or improve its evolution. An emphasis has been given to the proportion of carbohydrates (CHO) relative to protein and lipids, as well as dietary patterns, in GDM. The effects of CHO on postprandial glucose concentrations are reflected in the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Diets rich in GI and GL may induce or exacerbate IR, whereas diets low in GI and GL appear to enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control. These positive outcomes may be attributed to direct interactions with insulin and glucose homeostasis or indirect effects through improved body composition and weight management. This comprehensive narrative review aims to explore the significance of nutrition, with a focus on the critical evaluation of GI and GL in the dietary management of women with GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T03:45:12Z","timestamp":1706586312000},"page":"399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Role of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in the Dietary Approach of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2744-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Mavroeidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3420-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aspasia","family":"Manta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Asimakopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Syrigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-1376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavroula A.","family":"Paschou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efthimia","family":"Vlachaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematological Laboratory, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokrateion Hospital, Aristotle University, 54640 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Nastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kalantaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melpomeni","family":"Peppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12461 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modzelewski, R., Stefanowicz-Rutkowska, M.M., Matuszewski, W., and Bandurska-Stankiewicz, E.M. 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