{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:06:56Z","timestamp":1791994016459,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K22741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K22741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational anemia (GA) is a global health concern with a remarkably high prevalence in Japan, which is associated with various maternal and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to explore whether GA and non-anemic iron deficiency (NAID) during the third trimester is associated with maternal characteristics, nutrient intake, low birth weight (LBW), and preterm birth. Participants were categorized into GA, NAID, and normal groups, based on serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Nutrient intake was assessed using the Brief Diet History Questionnaire. Data from 317 pregnant women were analyzed, including 110 (34.7%), 151 (47.6%), and 56 (17.6%) women in the GA, NAID, and normal groups, respectively. Factors associated with GA included being multipara (p &lt; 0.001) and not taking any type of iron supplements in the third trimester (p = 0.043). The normal group had a significantly higher proportion of preterm birth and LBW than the GA and NAID groups. The GA group had a significantly higher energy intake than the normal group (p = 0.044). Overall, energy and micronutrient intake were significantly below the estimated average requirement in the dietary reference intakes for Japanese. Health care professionals need to consider nutritional advice that can prevent GA by focusing on overall micronutrients, not just energy intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T09:41:59Z","timestamp":1706694119000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Factors Associated with Anemia and Iron Deficiency during Pregnancy: A Prospective Observational Study in Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sarasa","family":"Habe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Haruna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaori","family":"Yonezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6224-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuriko","family":"Usui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nagamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Health and Welfare, Chiba 286-8520, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8881-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5861-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riko","family":"Ohori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, December 22). 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