{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:25:03Z","timestamp":1791343503845,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","award":["PI19\/00099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00099"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["PI19\/00099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00099"]}]},{"name":"European Social Fund","award":["PI19\/00099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopenia, a geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass and function decline, poses a significant health risk among the elderly, contributing to frailty, falls, hospitalization, loss of independence and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia varies significantly based on various factors, such as living status, demographics, measurement techniques and diagnostic criteria. Although the overall prevalence is reported at 10% in individuals aged 60 and above, disparities exist across settings, with higher rates in nursing homes and hospitals. Additionally, the differences in prevalence between Asian and non-Asian countries highlight the impact of cultural and ethnic factors, and variations in diagnostic criteria, cut-off values and assessment methods contribute to the observed heterogeneity in reported rates. This review outlines diverse diagnostic criteria and several measurement techniques supporting decision making in clinical practice. Moreover, it facilitates the selection of appropriate tools to assess sarcopenia, emphasizing its multifactorial nature. Various scientific groups, including the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS), the American Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) and the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC), have published consensus papers outlining diverse definitions of sarcopenia. The choice of diagnostic criteria should be aligned with the specific objectives of the study or clinical practice, considering the characteristics of the study population and available resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T09:04:21Z","timestamp":1706778261000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Gavriela","family":"Voulgaridou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Tyrovolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"},{"name":"WHOCC Centre for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1723-9192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Detopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Tsoumana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Drakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Apostolou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6242-1351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna P.","family":"Chatziprodromidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patra, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4923-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papandreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, College of Health, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Giaginis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6408-6128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sousana K.","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.5.990S","article-title":"Sarcopenia: Origins and Clinical Relevance","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. 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