{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:00:08Z","timestamp":1774612808586,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of the Environment, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital malformations are functional and structural alterations in embryonic or foetal development resulting from a variety of factors including maternal health status. This study aimed to investigate the association between maternal birth weight (MBW) and the prevalence of congenital malformations in offspring using data from a nationwide birth cohort study in Japan including 103,060 pregnancies. A binary logistic regression model with adjustment for various covariates revealed that an MBW of &lt;2500 g (low MBW) was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease (adjusted odds ratio: 1.388, [95% confidence interval: 1.075\u20131.792]), angioma (1.491 [1.079\u20132.059]), and inguinal hernia (1.746, [1.189\u20132.565]), while those with an MBW of \u22654000 g (high MBW) were associated with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract (2.194, [1.261\u20133.819]) and arrhythmia (1.775, [1.157\u20132.725]) compared with those with an MBW of 3000\u20133499 g. Low MBW was associated with cleft lip and\/or palate (1.473, [1.052\u20132.064]), congenital heart disease (1.615, [1.119\u20132.332]), genital organs (1.648, [1.130\u20132.405]), hypospadias (1.804, [1.130\u20132.881]), and inguinal hernia (1.484, [1.189\u20131.851]) in male infants and CAKUT (1.619, [1.154\u20132.273]) in female infants, whereas high MBW was associated with congenital heart disease (1.745, [1.058\u20132.877]) and CAKUT (2.470, [1.350\u20134.517]) in male infants. The present study is the first to demonstrate a link between MBW and congenital malformations in Japanese children. While these results must be interpreted with caution, MBW should be considered a major predictor of congenital malformation risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T09:30:18Z","timestamp":1707903018000},"page":"531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between Maternal Birth Weight and Prevalence of Congenital Malformations in Offspring: The Japanese Environment and Children\u2019s Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6397-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Hamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai 980-8574, Miyagi, 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