{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:30:13Z","timestamp":1775561413896,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/00204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP19\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP19\/00027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MV22\/00017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MV22\/00017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FI19\/00026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI19\/00026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP20\/00041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP20\/00041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease; however, the precise molecular mechanisms leading to the onset of kidney injury and dysfunction in obesity-associated nephropathy remain unclear. The present study aimed to unveil the kidney microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in a model of obesity-induced kidney disease in C57BL\/6J mice using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity led to notable structural alterations in tubular and glomerular regions of the kidney, increased renal expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes, as well as an elevated renal expression of genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism. The miRNA sequencing analysis identified a set of nine miRNAs differentially expressed in the kidney upon HFD feeding, with miR-5099, miR-551b-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-146a-3p and miR-21a-3p showing the most significant differential expression between standard diet (STD) and HFD mice. A validation analysis showed that the expression levels of miR-5099, miR-551b-3p and miR-146a-3p were consistent with NGS results, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed that these three validated miRNAs modulated target genes involved in metabolic and adipocytokine pathways, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory, senescence and profibrotic pathways. Our results suggest that differentially expressed miRNAs play pivotal roles in the intricate pathophysiology of obesity-associated kidney disease and could potentially create novel treatment strategies to counteract the deleterious effects of obesity on kidney function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T05:59:19Z","timestamp":1709186359000},"page":"691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["microRNA Expression Profile in Obesity-Induced Kidney Disease Driven by High-Fat Diet in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c0uria","family":"Eritja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-5948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maite","family":"Caus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1241-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thalia","family":"Belmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"de Gonzalo-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova-Santa Maria, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1504-8552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit (Biostat), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6064-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Bozic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarr\u00e9 Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23161","article-title":"The Triple Health Threat of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer\u2014Epidemiology, Disparities, Mechanisms, and Interventions","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30175-1","article-title":"Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: Individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents","volume":"388","author":"Bhupathiraju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burki, T. (2021). European Commission classifies obesity as a chronic disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00145-5"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005060638","article-title":"Obesity and Risk for Chronic Renal Failure","volume":"17","author":"Ejerblad","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00006","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Risk for End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"144","author":"Hsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, I., Liao, Y., Zheng, X., and Kanwar, Y.S. (2021). New Pandemic: Obesity and Associated Nephropathy. Front. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.673556"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Li, J., Miao, X., Cui, W., Miao, L., and Cai, L. (2021). A minireview: Role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in obesity-related renal injury. Life Sci., 265.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118828"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caus, M., Eritja, \u00c0., and Bozic, M. (2021). Role of microRNAs in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111416"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-016-0278-5","article-title":"Lipotoxicity as a trigger factor of renal disease","volume":"29","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001834","article-title":"Lipotoxicity","volume":"70","author":"Weinberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"281","article-title":"Lipotoxicity: When tissues overeat","volume":"14","author":"Schaffer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32833aa4ac","article-title":"Renal lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity","volume":"19","author":"Bobulescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X12500905","article-title":"Dendrobium moniliforme Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Renal Damage in Mice through the Regulation of Lipid-Induced Oxidative Stress","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0206","article-title":"Dibenzoylmethane ameliorates lipid-induced inflammation and oxidative injury in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"240","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2940-7","article-title":"Regulatory network of miRNA on its target: Coordination between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression","volume":"76","author":"Pu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stavast, C.J., and Erkeland, S.J. (2019). The Non-Canonical Aspects of MicroRNAs: Many Roads to Gene Regulation. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111465"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, P.-C., Chen, C.-C., Chen, Y.-C., Chang, Y.-S., and Chu, P.-H. (2016). MicroRNAs in acute kidney injury. Hum. Genom., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-016-0085-z"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.448","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in kidney homeostasis and disease","volume":"81","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, J., Yao, D., Yan, H., Chen, X., Wang, L., and Zhan, H. (2019). The Role of MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int. J. Endocrinol., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8719060"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3074","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in human disease","volume":"12","author":"Esteller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna1030192","article-title":"The Role of MicroRNAs in Kidney Disease","volume":"1","author":"Mukhadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Non-Coding RNA"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.01.012","article-title":"miR-27a is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation via suppressing PPAR\u03b3 expression","volume":"392","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"958","article-title":"Mir193b\u2013365 is essential for brown fat differentiation","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/21623945.2020.1749495","article-title":"MiR-455 targeting SOCS3 improve liver lipid disorders in diabetic mice","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.06.004","article-title":"miR-451 suppresses the NF-kappaB-mediated proinflammatory molecules expression through inhibiting LMP7 in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"433","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14193","article-title":"MiR-802 causes nephropathy by suppressing NF-\u03baB-repressing factor in obese mice and human","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.IJN_264_16","article-title":"MicroRNAs involvement in renal pathophysiology: A bird\u2019s eye view","volume":"27","author":"Jaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3555","article-title":"MiRNAs as potential biomarker of kidney diseases: A review","volume":"38","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011010055","article-title":"Suppression of microRNA-29 Expression by TGF-\u03b21 Promotes Collagen Expression and Renal Fibrosis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van der Hauwaert, C., Glowacki, F., Pottier, N., and Cauffiez, C. (2019). Non-Coding RNAs as New Therapeutic Targets in the Context of Renal Fibrosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081977"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C177","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00048.2019","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in kidney injury and repair","volume":"317","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chau, B.N., Xin, C., Hartner, J., Ren, S., Castano, A.P., Linn, G., Li, J., Tran, P.T., Kaimal, V., and Huang, X. (2012). MicroRNA-21 Promotes Fibrosis of the Kidney by Silencing Metabolic Pathways. Sci. Transl. Med., 4.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003205"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung, A.C., and Lan, H.Y. (2015). MicroRNAs in renal fibrosis. Front. Physiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2015.00050"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gai, Z., Wang, T., Visentin, M., Kullak-Ublick, G.A., Fu, X., and Wang, Z. (2019). Lipid Accumulation and Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040722"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorotea, D., Koya, D., and Ha, H. (2020). Recent Insights into SREBP as a Direct Mediator of Kidney Fibrosis via Lipid-Independent Pathways. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00265"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, P., Wang, H., Zhang, M., Peng, R., Zhao, Q., and Liu, J. (2020). FATP2-targeted therapies\u2014A role beyond fatty liver disease. Pharmacol. Res., 161.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105228"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W154","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad431","article-title":"DIANA-miRPath v4.0: Expanding target-based miRNA functional analysis in cell-type and tissue contexts","volume":"51","author":"Tastsoglou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozic, M., Caus, M., Rodrigues-Diez, R.R., Pedraza, N., Ruiz-Ortega, M., Gar\u00ed, E., Gallel, P., Panad\u00e9s, M.J., Martinez, A., and Fern\u00e1ndez, E. (2020). Protective role of renal proximal tubular alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. Nat. Commun., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15732-9"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozic, M., \u00c1lvarez, \u00c1., de Pablo, C., Sanchez-Ni\u00f1o, M.-D., Ortiz, A., Dolcet, X., Encinas, M., Fernandez, E., and Valdivielso, J.M. (2015). Impaired Vitamin D Signaling in Endothelial Cell Leads to an Enhanced Leukocyte-Endothelium Interplay: Implications for Atherosclerosis Development. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136863"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.08.001","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity and kidney disease\u2014In search of a susceptible mouse model","volume":"124","author":"Wicks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32317","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M500801200","article-title":"Diet-induced Obesity in C57BL\/6J Mice Causes Increased Renal Lipid Accumulation and Glomerulosclerosis via a Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1c-dependent Pathway","volume":"280","author":"Jiang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.462","article-title":"Regulation of lipid accumulation by AMK-activated kinase in high fat diet\u2013induced kidney injury","volume":"85","author":"Zolkipli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00110.2008","article-title":"Structural and functional changes in the kidneys of high-fat diet-induced obese mice","volume":"296","author":"Deji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"627","article-title":"High-fat-diet-induced obesity causes an inflammatory and tumor-promoting microenvironment in the rat kidney","volume":"5","author":"Stemmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.2144\/04371RR03","article-title":"Validation of housekeeping genes for normalizing RNA expression in real-time PCR","volume":"37","author":"Dheda","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandesompele, J., De Preter, K., Pattyn, F., Poppe, B., Van Roy, N., De Paepe, A., and Speleman, F. (2002). Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol., 3.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castanheira, C.I.G.D., Anderson, J.R., Fang, Y., Milner, P.I., Goljanek-Whysall, K., House, L., Clegg, P.D., and Peffers, M.J. (2021). Mouse microRNA signatures in joint ageing and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr. Cartil. Open, 3.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2021.100186"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai, Y., Zhang, Y., Ke, X., Guo, Y., Yao, C., Tang, N., Pang, P., Xie, G., Fang, L., and Zhang, Z. (2019). Transcriptome Sequencing Unravels Potential Biomarkers at Different Stages of Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Front. Genet., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00814"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.08.017","article-title":"Serum microRNA-122-3p, microRNA-194-5p and microRNA-5099 are potential toxicological biomarkers for the hepatotoxicity induced by Airpotato yam","volume":"280","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6043","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4226","article-title":"Inhibition of microRNA-30a prevents puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocytic apoptosis by upregulating the glucocorticoid receptor \u03b1","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2019.17875","article-title":"Serum miR-551b-3p is a potential diagnostic biomarker for gastric cancer","volume":"30","author":"Bai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogucki, M., Sidorkiewicz, I., Niemira, M., Dzi\u0119cio\u0142, J.B., Buczy\u0144ska, A., Adamska, A., Siewko, K., Ko\u015bciuszko, M., Maliszewska, K., and W\u00f3jcicka, A. (2022). Expression Profile and Diagnostic Significance of MicroRNAs in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14112679"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, D., He, X., Deng, X., Ji, Y., Yang, H., Cheng, L., and Zhou, X. (2021). Aberrant expression of five miRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinomas. J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 35.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23907"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S350954","article-title":"Identification and Validation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy-Related Genes via Bioinformatics Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2019.0150","article-title":"Childhood Obesity Risk in Relationship to Perilipin 1 (PLIN1) Gene Regulation by Circulating microRNAs","volume":"24","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2020","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kury\u0142owicz, A., Wicik, Z., Owczarz, M., Jonas, M.I., Kotlarek, M., \u015awierniak, M., Lisik, W., Jonas, M., Noszczyk, B., and Puzianowska-Ku\u017anicka, M. (2017). NGS Reveals Molecular Pathways Affected by Obesity and Weight Loss-Related Changes in miRNA Levels in Adipose Tissue. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010066"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, W., Zhou, J., Gu, X., Zhou, Y., Wang, L., Si, N., Fan, X., Bian, B., Wang, H., and Zhao, H. (2022). A multi-network comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome and translatome reveals the effect of high-fat diet on APP\/PS1 mice and the intervention with Chinese medicine. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.974333"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.753822","article-title":"Absence of miR-146a in Podocytes Increases Risk of Diabetic Glomerulopathy via Up-regulation of ErbB4 and Notch-1","volume":"292","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, L., Su, B., Yang, L., Fan, W., Yin, Q., Chen, L., Cui, T., and Zhang, J. (2014). Involvement of inflammation-related miR-155 and miR-146a in diabetic nephropathy: Implications for glomerular endothelial injury. BMC Nephrol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-142"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrison, M.C., Yakala, G.K., Liang, W., Wielinga, P.Y., Salic, K., van Koppen, A., Tomar, T., Kleemann, R., Heeringa, P., and Kooistra, T. (2017). Protective effect of rosiglitazone on kidney function in high-fat challenged human-CRP transgenic mice: A possible role for adiponectin and miR-21?. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02444-2"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2018.1488275","article-title":"Identification of candidate microRNA biomarkers in renal fibrosis: A meta-analysis of profiling studies","volume":"23","author":"Gholaminejad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.03.005","article-title":"miR-223: An inflammatory oncomiR enters the cardiovascular field","volume":"1842","author":"Meuth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.10.005","article-title":"Possible involvement of microRNAs in vascular damage in experimental chronic kidney disease","volume":"1842","author":"Meuth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.11.016","article-title":"MicroRNAs 223-3p and 93-5p in patients with chronic kidney disease before and after renal transplantation","volume":"95","author":"Ulbing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5330","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813121106","article-title":"MicroRNA expression profiles predictive of human renal allograft status","volume":"106","author":"Anglicheau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00836.x","article-title":"Early events leading to renal injury in obese Zucker (fatty) rats with type II diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Coimbra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00750.x","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in the resolution or progression of renal disease","volume":"63","author":"Anders","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fearn, A., Situmorang, G.R., Fox, C., Oakley, F., Howarth, R., Wilson, C.L., Kiosia, A., Robson, M.G., A Mann, D., and Moles, A. (2017). The NF-\u03baB1 is a key regulator of acute but not chronic renal injury. Cell Death Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.233"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., and Sun, S.-C. (2015). NF-\u03baB in inflammation and renal diseases. Cell Biosci., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-015-0056-4"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010070701","article-title":"Glutamatergic Signaling Maintains the Epithelial Phenotype of Proximal Tubular Cells","volume":"22","author":"Bozic","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051106","article-title":"The differential role of Smad2 and Smad3 in the regulation of pro-fibrotic TGF\u03b21 responses in human proximal-tubule epithelial cells","volume":"393","author":"Phanish","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walton, K.L., Johnson, K.E., and Harrison, C.A. (2017). Targeting TGF-\u03b2 Mediated SMAD Signaling for the Prevention of Fibrosis. Front. Pharmacol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00461"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valdivielso, J.M., Eritja, \u00c0., Caus, M., and Bozic, M. (2020). Glutamate-Gated NMDA Receptors: Insights into the Function and Signaling in the Kidney. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071051"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen, X., Zhang, B., Wu, B., Xiao, H., Li, Z., Li, R., Xu, X., and Li, T. (2022). Signaling pathways in obesity: Mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01149-x"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Gu, S., Shen, S., Luo, T., Zhao, H., Liu, S., Feng, J., Yang, M., Yi, L., and Fan, Z. (2023). Identification of Circular RNA Profiles in the Liver of Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Construction of the ceRNA Network. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14030688"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.27173","article-title":"The PI3K\/AKT pathway in obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1252","article-title":"Alterations in MicroRNA Expression Contribute to Fatty Acid\u2013Induced Pancreatic \u03b2-Cell Dysfunction","volume":"57","author":"Lovis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"29","article-title":"Regulation and mechanism of miR-146 on renal ischemia reperfusion injury","volume":"73","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, J., Xue, J., Liu, C., Zhang, A., Qin, L., Liu, J., and Yang, Y. (2022). MiR-146a-5p accelerates sepsis through dendritic cell activation and glycolysis via targeting ATG7. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 36.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.23151"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Tan, X.-R., Li, S.-J., and Zhang, X.-X. (2019). LncRNA NEAT1 promotes hepatic lipid accumulation via regulating miR-146a-5p\/ROCK1 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci., 235.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116829"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6519","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700907104","article-title":"Sterol-regulated transport of SREBPs from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi: Insig renders sorting signal in Scap inaccessible to COPII proteins","volume":"104","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7999","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1705304114","article-title":"mTORC1 activates SREBP-2 by suppressing cholesterol trafficking to lysosomes in mammalian cells","volume":"114","author":"Eid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011010026","article-title":"AMPK Mediates the Initiation of Kidney Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet","volume":"22","author":"Mathew","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.031","article-title":"Hepatocyte vitamin D receptor regulates lipid metabolism and mediates experimental diet-induced steatosis","volume":"65","author":"Bozic","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.11.004","article-title":"Carvacrol attenuates acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin through suppression of ERK and PI3K\/Akt activation","volume":"98","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxm030","article-title":"Small-sample estimation of negative binomial dispersion, with applications to SAGE data","volume":"9","author":"Robinson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"EdgeR: A Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, F., Wang, J., and Zhang, B. (2023). RefFinder: A web-based tool for comprehensively analyzing and identifying reference genes. Funct. Integr. Genom., 23.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-023-01055-7"}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/5\/691\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:06:44Z","timestamp":1760105204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/5\/691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16050691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16050691","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]}}}