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Thus, the present study examined how neural responses to portion size relate to changes in weight and energy consumed as portions increase. Associations were examined across brain regions traditionally implicated in appetite control (i.e., an appetitive network) as well as the cerebellum, which has recently been implicated in appetite-related processes. Children without obesity (i.e., BMI-for-age-and-sex percentile &lt; 90; N = 63; 55% female) viewed images of larger and smaller portions of food during fMRI and, in separate sessions, ate four meals that varied in portion size. Individual-level linear and quadratic associations between intake (kcal, grams) and portion size (i.e., portion size slopes) were estimated. The response to portion size in cerebellar lobules IV\u2013VI was associated with the quadratic portion size slope estimated from gram intake; a greater response to images depicting smaller compared to larger portions was associated with steeper increases in intake with increasing portion sizes. Within the appetitive network, neural responses were not associated with portion size slopes. A decreased cerebellar response to larger amounts of food may increase children\u2019s susceptibility to overeating when excessively large portions are served.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T03:03:20Z","timestamp":1709607800000},"page":"738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Cerebellar Response to Visual Portion Size Cues Is Associated with the Portion Size Effect in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bari A.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-6566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaina L.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Rolls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma J.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Geier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 31793, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Garavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"},{"name":"Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2019.01.025","article-title":"The Effect of Food Type on the Portion Size Effect in Children Aged 2\u201312 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"137","author":"Reale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.64","article-title":"Increased Portion Size Leads to Increased Energy Intake in a Restaurant Meal","volume":"12","author":"Diliberti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes. 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