{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T17:05:38Z","timestamp":1774544738447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2020 UC Davis Chancellor\u2019s Innovation Award and a gift from Bobbie"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In May of 2022, millions of U.S. parents encountered uncertainty in safely feeding their infants due to the infant formula shortage. Methods: An anonymous, electronic, cross-sectional, retrospective survey was used. Results: U.S. parents (n = 178) whose infants were ~10 weeks old during the shortage completed the survey. Of parents, 81% switched formulas during the shortage, 87% switched because they could not find the formula they typically used, 34% switched 3\u20135 times, 29% of parents visited \u22654 stores\/24 h and 26% of parents traveled &gt;20 miles\/24 h to purchase formula. Use of infant formula increased (p &lt; 0.01); in infants requiring specialty formula, use of intact cow\u2019s milk formula increased (p &lt; 0.05) and use of premature infant formulas decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Infants relying on specialty formulas experienced at least one undesirable outcome compared with non-specialty users. Parents used social media, relatives\/friends and healthcare providers for support during the shortage, but their helpfulness scores were suboptimal. Parents reported the need for greater infant formula availability, free prenatal lactation education and postpartum lactation support. Conclusions: Government, regulatory and healthcare policy oversight are needed to protect the infant feeding system, including more commercially available products, access to banked donor milk and lactation support.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T08:35:54Z","timestamp":1709627754000},"page":"748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cross-Sectional Analysis of Infant Diet, Outcomes, Consumer Behavior and Parental Perspectives to Optimize Infant Feeding in Response to the 2022 U.S. Infant Formula Shortage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karla","family":"Damian-Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4715-9580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Cernioglo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"DiMaggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NY Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony F.","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer T.","family":"Smilowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01049-2","article-title":"US infant formula crisis increases scrutiny of the FDA","volume":"399","author":"Jaffe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (2022, October 15). 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Duckworth Asks FTC to Examine Formula Market, POLITICO."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/5\/748\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:09:34Z","timestamp":1760105374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/5\/748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16050748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16050748","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]}}}