{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:27:29Z","timestamp":1783740449370,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis. However, whether this strategy improves subsequent exercise performance is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ketone monoester (KME) followed by CHO ingestion after glycogen-lowering exercise on subsequent 20 km (TT20km) and 5 km (TT5km) best-effort time trials. Nine recreationally active men (175.6 \u00b1 5.3 cm, 72.9 \u00b1 7.7 kg, 28 \u00b1 5 y, 12.2 \u00b1 3.2% body fat, VO2max = 56.2 \u00b1 5.8 mL\u00b7 kg BM\u22121\u00b7min\u22121; mean \u00b1 SD) completed a glycogen-lowering exercise session, followed by 4 h of recovery and subsequent TT20km and TT5km. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either KME (25 g) followed by CHO at a rate of 1.2 g\u00b7kg\u22121\u00b7h\u22121 (KME + CHO) or an iso-energetic placebo (dextrose) followed by CHO (PLAC + CHO). Blood metabolites during recovery and performance during the subsequent two-time trials were measured. In comparison to PLAC + CHO, KME + CHO displayed greater (p &lt; 0.05) blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration during the first 2 h, lower (p &lt; 0.05) blood glucose concentrations at 30 and 60 min, as well as greater (p &lt; 0.05) blood insulin concentration 2 h following ingestion. However, no treatment differences (p &gt; 0.05) in power output nor time to complete either time trial were observed vs. PLAC + CHO. These data indicate that the metabolic changes induced by KME + CHO ingestion following glycogen-lowering exercise are insufficient to enhance subsequent endurance time trial performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T14:00:23Z","timestamp":1711375223000},"page":"932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2467-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Quinones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Nutrition Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0759-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Weiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Nutrition Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8252-0055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Lemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Nutrition Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.04.017","article-title":"Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance","volume":"20","author":"Jeukendrup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0079-0","article-title":"The use of carbohydrates during exercise as an ergogenic aid","volume":"43","author":"Cermak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0400-1","article-title":"Carbohydrate dependence during prolonged, intense endurance exercise","volume":"45","author":"Hawley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"137","article-title":"Metabolic fundamentals in exercise","volume":"5","author":"Saltin","year":"1973","journal-title":"Med. 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