{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:26:44Z","timestamp":1789140404158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["2021\u20134490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u20134490"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["20228pnnjl"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20228pnnjl"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["2021\u20134490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u20134490"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["20228pnnjl"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20228pnnjl"]}]},{"name":"Bando Cariplo Networking research","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"Bando Cariplo Networking research","award":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"]}]},{"name":"Bando Cariplo Networking research","award":["2021\u20134490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u20134490"]}]},{"name":"Bando Cariplo Networking research","award":["20228pnnjl"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20228pnnjl"]}]},{"name":"PRIN","award":["PE00000003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE00000003"]}]},{"name":"PRIN","award":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101128946\u2014PODiaCar\u2014EU4H-2022"]}]},{"name":"PRIN","award":["2021\u20134490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u20134490"]}]},{"name":"PRIN","award":["20228pnnjl"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20228pnnjl"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The identification of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency in pediatric populations is essential for preventive healthcare. We refined and tested the Evaluation of Deficiency Questionnaire (EVIDENCe-Q) for its utility in detecting VitD insufficiency among children. Patients and methods: We enrolled 201 pediatric patients (aged between 3 and 18 years). Clinical evaluation and serum vitamin D levels were assessed in all subjects. The EVIDENCe-Q was updated to incorporate factors influencing VitD biosynthesis, intake, assimilation, and metabolism, with scores spanning from 0 (optimal) to 36 (poor). Results: We established scores for severe deficiency (&lt;10 mg\/dL) at 20, deficiency (&lt;20 mg\/dL) at 22, and insufficiency (&lt;30 mg\/dL) at 28. A score of 20 or greater was determined as the optimal cut-off for distinguishing VitD deficient from sufficient statuses, as evidenced by ROC curve analysis AUC = 0.7066; SE = 0.0841; sensitivity 100%, 95% CI 0.561\u20131. The most accurate alignment was seen with VitD insufficiency, defined as 25-OH-D3 &lt; 20 ng\/mL. Conclusions: This study confirms that the EVIDENCe-Q is a valid instrument for assessing the risk of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children. It offers a practical approach for determining the need for clinical intervention and dietary supplementation of VitD in the pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16070971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]],"date-time":"2024-03-27T14:17:34Z","timestamp":1711549054000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An Adapted Questionnaire Tailored for Assessing the Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Children That Is Proving Useful in Guiding Clinical Interventions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Calcaterra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hellas","family":"Cena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Clinical Scientific Institute Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5583-7735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele","family":"De Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9936-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ginevra","family":"Biino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Grazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Manuelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7112-0522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Zanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Tagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Vincenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianvincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6449-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Fabiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department, Buzzi Children\u2019s Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070808","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1070808","article-title":"Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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