{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:58:47Z","timestamp":1792601927348,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders. Nevertheless, strict adherence to the GFD is often challenging due to concerns about social isolation, risk of gluten contaminations, high cost, poor quality and the taste of gluten-free products. Moreover, although the GFD is effective in achieving mucosal healing, it may lead to dietary imbalances due to nutrient deficiencies over a long period of time. To overcome these issues, several gluten-free wheat flours have been developed to create products that closely resemble their gluten-containing counterparts. Furthermore, given the critical importance of adhering to the GFD, it becomes essential to promote adherence and monitor possible voluntary or involuntary transgressions. Various methods, including clinical assessment, questionnaires, serology for celiac disease, duodenal biopsies and the detection of Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIPs) are employed for this purpose, but none are considered entirely satisfactory. Since adherence to the GFD poses challenges, alternative therapies should be implemented in the coming years to improve treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients with celiac disease. The aim of this narrative review is to explore current knowledge of the GFD and investigate its future perspectives, focusing on technology advancements, follow-up strategies and insights into a rapidly changing future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1711891680000},"page":"1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Gluten-Free Diet and Other Celiac Disease Therapies: Current Understanding and Emerging Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3121-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Zammarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Valerii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Translational Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8525-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enzo","family":"Spisni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Translational Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4388-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria Maria","family":"Saracino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Lanzarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0748-6600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Science, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saben\u00e7a, C., Ribeiro, M., Sousa, T., Poeta, P., Bagulho, A.S., and Igrejas, G. 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