{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:17:37Z","timestamp":1791494257693,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["426160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["426160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1715-000-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1715-000-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Children with Intestinal and Liver Disorders (CH.I.L.D.) foundation","award":["426160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["426160"]}]},{"name":"Children with Intestinal and Liver Disorders (CH.I.L.D.) foundation","award":["1715-000-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1715-000-001"]}]},{"name":"Women &amp; Children\u2019s Health Research Institute (WCHRI)","award":["426160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["426160"]}]},{"name":"Women &amp; Children\u2019s Health Research Institute (WCHRI)","award":["1715-000-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1715-000-001"]}]},{"name":"IMAGINE Chronic Disease Network","award":["426160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["426160"]}]},{"name":"IMAGINE Chronic Disease Network","award":["1715-000-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1715-000-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is effective in inducing remission in pediatric Crohn disease (CD). EEN alters the intestinal microbiome, but precise mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that pre-diagnosis diet establishes a baseline gut microbiome, which then mediates response to EEN. We analyzed prospectively recorded food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for pre-diagnosis dietary patterns. Fecal microbiota were sequenced (16SrRNA) at baseline and through an 18-month follow-up period. Dietary patterns, Mediterranean diet adherence, and stool microbiota were associated with EEN treatment outcomes, disease flare, need for anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 therapy, and long-term clinical outcomes. Ninety-eight patients were included. Baseline disease severity and microbiota were associated with diet. Four dietary patterns were identified by FFQs; a \u201cmature diet\u201d high in fruits, vegetables, and fish was linked to increased baseline microbial diversity, which was associated with fewer disease flares (p &lt; 0.05) and a trend towards a delayed need for anti-TNF therapy (p = 0.086). Baseline stool microbial taxa were increased (Blautia and Faecalibacterium) or decreased (Ruminococcus gnavus group) with the mature diet compared to other diets. Surprisingly, a \u201cpre-packaged\u201d dietary pattern (rich in processed foods) was associated with delayed flares in males (p &lt; 0.05). Long-term pre-diagnosis diet was associated with outcomes of EEN therapy in pediatric CD; diet\u2013microbiota and microbiota\u2013outcome associations may mediate this relationship.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T09:36:54Z","timestamp":1712050614000},"page":"1033","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pre-Diagnosis Diet Predicts Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition and Correlates with Microbiome in Pediatric Crohn Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3178-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Dijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Jarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Life, & Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengxiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"},{"name":"College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Lawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzammil","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Services (Child Health), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Services (Child Health), Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4237-0512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Otley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHEO IBD Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7269-8557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevan","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, B.C. Children\u2019s Hospital, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"deBruyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6417-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael","family":"El-Matary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Deslandres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, IBD Center, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas D.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, IBD Center, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien Q.","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Surette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada"},{"name":"Michael G. 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