{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:39:00Z","timestamp":1791380340167,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hip fracture is a common condition in older adults, leading to disability and mortality. Several studies have demonstrated the association between nutritional status and the risk of a negative health outcome after fractures. In this systematic review, we evaluated the association between malnutrition and mortality, changes in mobility\/living arrangements, and postoperative complications, such as delirium, in older patients with hip fractures. A literature search on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, up to September 2023, was conducted to identify all studies involving older subjects that reported an association between MNA\/GNRI\/PNI\/CONUT and health outcome after hip fracture. Meta-analysis was performed by a random-effects model using risk values (RR, OR, and HR) extracted from the 14 eligible selected studies. Malnutrition significantly increased the risk of any analyzed adverse outcome by 70% at 1 month, and up to 250% at 1 year. Malnutrition significantly increased delirium risk by 275% (OR = 2.75; 95% CI 1.80\u20134.18; p \u2264 0.05), mortality risk by 342% (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 2.14\u20135.48; p \u2264 0.05), mortality hazard risk by 351% (HR = 3.51; 95% CI 1.63\u20137.55; p \u2264 0.05) at 1 month, and transfer-to-more-supported-living-arrangements risk by 218% (OR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.58\u20133.01; p \u2264 0.05), and declined mobility risk by 41% (OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.14\u20131.75; p \u2264 0.05), mortality risk by 368% (OR = 3.68; 95% CI 3.00\u20134.52; p \u2264 0.05), and mortality hazard risk by 234% (HR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.91\u20132.87; p \u2264 0.05) at 1 year. Malnutrition of older patients increases the risk of death and worsens mobility and independence after hip fractures. The results of the present study highlight the importance of nutritional status evaluation of older subjects with hip fractures in order to prevent potential adverse outcomes (Registration No: CRD42023468751).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T08:27:52Z","timestamp":1712305672000},"page":"1069","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Malnutrition-Related Health Outcomes in Older Adults with Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-7486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Chiavarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7274-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia Maria","family":"Ricciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4959-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Genga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Ilaria","family":"Faggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oriana Dunia","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello Mario","family":"D\u2019Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1495-0165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Barbadoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt092","article-title":"Epidemiology of fracture risk with advancing age","volume":"68","author":"Ensrud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.04.015","article-title":"Epidemiology and social costs of hip fracture","volume":"49","author":"Veronese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1702-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"16","author":"Johnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51110.x","article-title":"Estimating hip fracture morbidity, mortality and costs","volume":"51","author":"Braithwaite","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1226-6","article-title":"Mortality after osteoporotic hip fracture: Incidence, trends, and associated factors","volume":"14","author":"Mazzucchelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3277-9","article-title":"Impact of hip fracture on hospital care costs: A population-based study","volume":"27","author":"Leal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2211","article-title":"A systematic review of the malnutrition prevalence in hospitalized hip fracture patients and its associated outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Foo","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millrose, M., Schmidt, W., Krickl, J., Ittermann, T., Ruether, J., Bail, H.J., and Gesslein, M. (2023). Influence of Malnutrition on Outcome after Hip Fractures in Older Patients. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13010109"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malafarina, V., Reginster, J.Y., Cabrerizo, S., Bruy\u00e8re, O., Kanis, J.A., Martinez, J.A., and Zulet, M.A. (2018). Nutritional Status and Nutritional Treatment Are Related to Outcomes and Mortality in Older Adults with Hip Fracture. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050555"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"466","article-title":"The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) review of the literature\u2014What does it tell us?","volume":"10","author":"Guigoz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601055","article-title":"The use of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool in elderly orthopaedic patients","volume":"54","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.777","article-title":"Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index: A new index for evaluating at-risk elderly medical patients","volume":"82","author":"Bouillanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1001","article-title":"[Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients]","volume":"85","author":"Onodera","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"38","article-title":"CONUT: A tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population","volume":"20","author":"Mancha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118002628","article-title":"Malnutrition in older adults: Screening and determinants","volume":"78","author":"Corish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12586","article-title":"Excess mortality after hip fracture in elderly persons from Europe and the USA: The CHANCES project","volume":"281","author":"Katsoulis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"2297","article-title":"Association between nutritional indices and mortality after hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199903000-00003","article-title":"The Effects of Nutritional Status on Outcome After Hip Fracture","volume":"13","author":"Koval","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324620","article-title":"No correlation between mininutritional assessment (short form) scale and clinical outcomes in 73 elderly patients admitted for hip fracture","volume":"17","author":"Formiga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj011","article-title":"Using Dietetic Assistants to Improve the Outcome of Hip Fracture: A Randomised Controlled Trial of Nutritional Support in an Acute Trauma Ward","volume":"35","author":"Duncan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01864.x","article-title":"Malnutrition in hip fracture patients: An intervention study","volume":"16","author":"Olofsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.09.018","article-title":"The Effects of Different Nutritional Measurements on Delayed Wound Healing After Hip Fracture in the Elderly","volume":"159","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1177\/230949901202000313","article-title":"Nutritional status and short-term outcome of hip arthroplasty","volume":"20","author":"Nicholson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.03.010","article-title":"The relationship between nutritional status of hip fracture operated elderly patients and their functioning, comorbidity and outcome","volume":"31","author":"Weiss","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512003686","article-title":"Mini Nutritional Assessment predicts gait status and mortality 6 months after hip fracture","volume":"109","author":"Gumieiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12027","article-title":"Functional recovery of older people with hip fracture: Does malnutrition make a difference?","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.03.002","article-title":"Malnutrition According to Mini Nutritional Assessment Is Associated with Severe Functional Impairment in Geriatric Patients Before and up to 6 Months After Hip Fracture","volume":"16","author":"Goisser","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2015.174","article-title":"Association of nutritional status as measured by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form with changes in mobility, institutionalization and death after hip fracture","volume":"70","author":"Nuotio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.07.014","article-title":"Comparing the adequacy of the MNA-SF, NRS-2002 and MUST nutritional tools in assessing malnutrition in hip fracture operated elderly patients","volume":"35","author":"Weiss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0630-9","article-title":"Mini Nutritional Assessment and Mortality after Hip Fracture Surgery in the Elderly","volume":"20","author":"Doodeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"187","article-title":"The Correlation between Preoperative Levels of Albumin and Tlc and Mortality in Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture","volume":"30","author":"Niccolai","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2016.09.025","article-title":"Proximal Femoral Fractures in Centenarians. A Retrospective Analysis of 39 Patients","volume":"103","author":"Morice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res. OTSR"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14764","article-title":"Association Between Preoperative Malnutrition and Postoperative Delirium After Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Adults","volume":"65","author":"Mazzola","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.6.1005","article-title":"Effects of Nutritional Status on 6-Month Outcome of Hip Fractures in Elderly Patients","volume":"41","author":"Miu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.08.021","article-title":"Pre-fracture nutritional status is predictive of functional status at discharge during the acute phase with hip fracture patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2017.02.002","article-title":"Changes in nutritional status and associated factors in a geriatric post-hip fracture assessment","volume":"8","author":"Helminen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.02.007","article-title":"Comparison of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment short and long form and serum albumin as prognostic indicators of hip fracture outcomes","volume":"48","author":"Helminen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61365","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18135","article-title":"Prognostic value of the c-reactive protein\/prognostic nutritional index ratio after hip fracture surgery in the elderly population","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.01.030","article-title":"Acute phase nutritional screening tool associated with functional outcomes of hip fracture patients: A longitudinal study to compare MNA-SF, MUST, NRS-2002 and GNRI","volume":"38","author":"Inoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.02.012","article-title":"Nutritional Status Changes and Activities of Daily Living after Hip Fracture in Con-valescent Rehabilitation Units: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study from the Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database","volume":"118","author":"Nishioka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy055","article-title":"Perioperative nutritional supplementation and skeletal muscle mass in older hip-fracture patients","volume":"77","author":"Kramer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.030","article-title":"Poor nutritional status but not cognitive or functional impairment per se independently predict 1 year mortality in elderly patients with hip-fracture","volume":"38","author":"Zanetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0267-y","article-title":"Predictive Value of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS2002) in Hip Fracture","volume":"73","author":"Helminen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40981-019-0282-6","article-title":"Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Controlling Nutritional Status Score can predict postoperative 180-day mortality in hip fracture surgeries","volume":"5","author":"Kotera","year":"2019","journal-title":"JA Clin. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12511","article-title":"Preoperative prognostic nutritional index predicts postoperative delirium in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery","volume":"20","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill-M\u00fcndel, K., Schlegl, J., Biesalski, H.K., Ehnert, S., Schr\u00f6ter, S., Bahrs, C., Nohr, D., N\u00fcssler, A.K., and Ihle, C. (2020). Preoperative Ascorbic Acid Levels in Proximal Femur Fracture Patients Have No Postoperative Clinical Impact, While Ascorbic Acid Levels upon Discharge Have a Major Effect on Postoperative Outcome. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010066"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, W.T., Wu, S.C., Huang, C.Y., Chou, S.E., Tsai, C.H., Li, C., Hsu, S.Y., and Hsieh, C.H. (2020). Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Screening Tool to Identify Patients with Malnutrition at a High Risk of In Hospital Mortality among Elderly Patients with Femoral Fractures-A Ret-rospective Study in a Level I Trauma Center. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238920"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yagi, T., Oshita, Y., Okano, I., Kuroda, T., Ishikawa, K., Nagai, T., and Inagaki, K. (2020). Controlling nutritional status score predicts postoperative complications after hip fracture surgery. BMC Geriatr., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01643-3"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.5152\/cjms.2020.2163","article-title":"The Impact of Preoperative Nutritional Status of Elderly Patients on the Postoperative Outcome: Comparison of Two Nutritional Assessment Tests and Biochemical Tools","volume":"5","author":"Sezen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cyprus J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa029","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Reduced Mobility after Hip Fracture Surgery: A Prospective Study","volume":"112","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.08.001","article-title":"Age, Prognostic Nutritional Index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index Were Independent Risk Factors for Postoperative Long-Term Mortality in Chinese Geriatric Patients Who Sustain Hip Fracture","volume":"22","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.05.014","article-title":"Effect of heart failure and malnutrition, alone and in combination, on rehabilitation effectiveness in patients with hip fracture","volume":"44","author":"Tamamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yokoyama, K., Ukai, T., and Watanabe, M. (2021). Effect of nutritional status before femoral neck fracture surgery on postoperative outcomes: A retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04913-2"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B1.BJJ-2020-0991.R1","article-title":"Poor nutritional status correlates with mortality and worse postoperative outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures","volume":"103-B","author":"Jayatilaka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Jt. J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12887","article-title":"Predictive validity of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form for rehabilitation patients: A retrospective analysis of the Japan Rehabilitation Nutrition Database","volume":"34","author":"Nishioka","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-00774-5","article-title":"Prevalence and consequences of malnutrition and malnourishment in older individuals admitted to hospital with a hip fracture","volume":"75","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2022.2101166","article-title":"Modified Frailty Index Combined with a Prognostic Nutritional Index for Predicting Postoperative Complications of Hip Fracture Surgery in Elderly","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Surg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406223221102739","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223221102739","article-title":"Preoperative malnutrition as an independent risk factor for the postoperative mortality in elderly Chinese individuals undergoing hip surgery: A singlecenter observational study","volume":"13","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s42077-022-00280-9","article-title":"Comparison of malnutrition screening tests in predicting postoperative complications in elderly patients with femur fracture","volume":"14","author":"Altay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ain-Shams J. Anesthesiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-022-1864-y","article-title":"Influence of Nutritional Status on a Family-Centered Care Intervention for Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment following Hip-Fracture Surgery: Secondary Data Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"26","author":"Tseng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10225536221103360","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536221103360","article-title":"Low geriatric nutritional risk index is a risk f actor for death within 1 year following hip fracture","volume":"30","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-022-02243-4","article-title":"Prealbumin as a nutrition status indicator may be associated with outcomes of geriatric hip fractures: A propensity score matching and 1-year follow-up study","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popp, D., Nia, A., Biedermann, G., Schmoelz, L., Silvaieh, S., Tiefenboeck, T.M., Hajdu, S., and Widhalm, H.K. (2023). Predictive Validity of Mortality after Surgically Treated Proximal Femur Fractures Based on Four Nutrition Scores-A Retrospective Data Analysis. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153357"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000497","article-title":"Association of preoperative nutritional status evaluated by the controlling nutritional status score with walking independence at 180 days postoperatively: A prospective cohort study in Chinese older patients with hip fracture","volume":"109","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06753-3","article-title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index as the prognostic factor in older patients with fragility hip fractures","volume":"34","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Torralvo, F.J., P\u00e9rez-Del-R\u00edo, V., Garc\u00eda-Olivares, M., Porras, N., Abu\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez, J., Bravo-Bardaj\u00ed, M.F., Garc\u00eda-de-Quevedo, D., and Olveira, G. (2023). Global Subjective Assessment and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form Better Predict Mortality Than GLIM Malnutrition Criteria in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081828"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berk, T., Thalmann, M., Jensen, K.O., Schwarzenberg, P., Jukema, G.N., Pape, H.C., and Halvachizadeh, S. (2023). Implementation of a novel nursing assessment tool in geriatric trauma patients with proximal femur fractures. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0284320"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"59","article-title":"Malnutrition is associated with postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty","volume":"70","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabetes Nutr. Engl. Ed."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.118","article-title":"Nutritional and Inflammatory Indices and the Risk of Surgical Site Infection After Fragility Hip Fractures: Can Routine Blood Test Point to Patients at Risk?","volume":"24","author":"Rutenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg. Infect."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faust, L.M., Lerchenberger, M., Gleich, J., Linhart, C., Keppler, A.M., Schmidmaier, R., B\u00f6cker, W., Neuerburg, C., and Zhang, Y. (2023). Predictive Value of Prognostic Nutritional Index for Early Postoperative Mobility in Elderly Patients with Pertrochanteric Fracture Treated with Intramedullary Nail Osteosynthesis. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051792"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.07.005","article-title":"Nutritional Therapy in Older Patients with Hip Fractures Undergoing Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.02.018","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation nutrition in cerebrovascular disease, hip fracture, cancer, and acute illness: 2020 update","volume":"43","author":"Nishioka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy073","article-title":"Dietary Patterns in Relation to Low Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Fabiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-020-00573-8","article-title":"The Role of Diet in Osteoporotic Fracture Healing: A Systematic Review","volume":"18","author":"Chiavarini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.02.003","article-title":"Prognostic Role of Serum Albumin, Total Lymphocyte Count, and Mini Nutritional Assessment on Outcomes After Geriatric Hip Fracture Surgery: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Arthroplast."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017000","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1017000","article-title":"Association of preoperative prognostic nutritional index with risk of postoperative delirium: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Hung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"CD001704","article-title":"Interventions for improving mobility after hip fracture surgery in adults","volume":"9","author":"Fairhall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001368","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001368","article-title":"Inter-rater and test-retest reliability of quality assessments by novice student raters using the Jadad and Newcastle-Ottawa Scales","volume":"2","author":"Oremus","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.003","article-title":"Testing the Newcastle Ottawa Scale showed low reliability between individual reviewers","volume":"66","author":"Hartling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.13105\/wjma.v5.i4.80","article-title":"Assessing the quality of studies in meta-analyses: Advantages and limitations of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale","volume":"5","author":"Luchini","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Meta-Anal."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.06.007","article-title":"The combined effect of ADL impairment and delay in time from fracture to surgery on 12-month mortality: An observational study in orthogeriatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Bellelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_88","unstructured":"(2023). Hip Fracture: Management, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Available online: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg124."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/7\/1069\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:23:53Z","timestamp":1760106233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/7\/1069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16071069"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16071069","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]}}}