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Given its common occurrence and the negative impact on brain development, a screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing brain development in perinatal iron deficiency is necessary. Pediatric societies currently recommend a universal iron supplementation strategy for full-term and preterm infants that does not consider individual variation in body iron status and thus could lead to undertreatment or overtreatment. Moreover, the focus is on hematological normalcy and not optimal brain development. Several serum iron indices and hematological parameters in the perinatal period are associated with a risk of abnormal neurodevelopment, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers for screening and monitoring treatment in infants at risk for perinatal iron deficiency. A biomarker-based screening and treatment strategy that is focused on optimizing brain development will likely improve outcomes in perinatal iron deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16071092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T10:11:55Z","timestamp":1712571115000},"page":"1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction in Perinatal Iron Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6089-5972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghavendra B.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"},{"name":"Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00084-5","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of anaemia by severity in women and children for 2000\u20132019: A pooled analysis of population-representative data","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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