{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:14:42Z","timestamp":1790831682245,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas (Fapespa)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the changes in the digestive tract post-bariatric surgery, adapting to a new pattern of eating behavior becomes crucial, with special attention to the specifics of chewing mechanics. This study aimed to investigate the association between self-perception of chewing, chewing behavior, and the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in preoperative patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Sixty adult candidates for bariatric surgery at a public hospital in Bel\u00e9m (Brazil) were analyzed. Participants predominantly exhibited unilateral chewing patterns (91.6%), a fast chewing rhythm (73.3%), a large food bolus (80%), liquid intake during meals (36.7%), and 41.7% reported that chewing could cause some issue. Significant associations were found between the perception of causing problems and chewing scarcity (p = 0.006), diarrhea (p = 0.004), absence of slow chewing (p = 0.048), and frequent cutting of food with front teeth (p = 0.034). These findings reveal a relationship between the perception of chewing problems and chewing scarcity, presence of diarrhea, and fast chewing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T04:37:27Z","timestamp":1712637447000},"page":"1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between Self-Perception of Chewing, Chewing Behavior, and the Presence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Candidates for Bariatric Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1via Luciana Pinheiro de Souza Pinto","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Millena Borges","family":"Inete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmym Dannielle do Esp\u00edrito Santo","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Lorena Viana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaelle Dias","family":"Gabbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e1 Martins","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Vieira Louren\u00e7o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Cristina Paiva","family":"Paracampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3289-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Carlos de","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0092-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Lopes","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Behavior Theory and Research Center, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, July 26). Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/353747\/9789289057738-eng.pdf."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, July 26). Available online: https:\/\/observatoriodeoncologia.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/vigitel-brasil-2021.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO Consultation on Obesity, and World Health Organization (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Consultation, World Health Organization. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/42330."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"ABESO Diretrizes Brasileiras de Obesidade 2016 (2016). Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e da S\u00edndrome Metab\u00f3lica, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e da S\u00edndrome Metab\u00f3lica. Available online: https:\/\/abeso.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Diretrizes-Download-Diretrizes-Brasileiras-de-Obesidade-2016.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2023, July 26). Available online: https:\/\/abeso.org.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/posicionamento_2022-alterado-nov-22-1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2022.08.013","article-title":"2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO): Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery","volume":"18","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg. Obes. Relat. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"CFM Conselho Federal de Medicina (2023, October 06). Bras\u00edlia: Conselho Federal de Medicina. Available online: https:\/\/sistemas.cfm.org.br\/normas\/visualizar\/resolucoes\/BR\/2015\/2131."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-1147-z","article-title":"Dietary patterns in weight loss maintenance: Results from the MedWeight study","volume":"56","author":"Karfopoulou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teixeira, P.J., Carra\u00e7a, E.V., Marques, M.M., Rutter, H., Oppert, J.M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Lakerveld, J., and Brug, J. (2015). Successful behavior change in obesity interventions in adults: A systematic review of self-regulation mediators. BMC Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0323-6"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0216201413713","article-title":"A necessidade da avalia\u00e7\u00e3o fonoaudiol\u00f3gica no protocolo de pacientes candidatos \u00e0 cirurgia bari\u00e1trica","volume":"16","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. CEFAC"},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ramfjord, S., and Ash, M.M. (1984). Oclus\u00e3o, 3rd ed, Interamericana."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-381X2021000400873","article-title":"Characteristics of Chewing: An Update of the Literature","volume":"15","author":"Fuentes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Odontostomat."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.10.004","article-title":"Changes in jaw muscle activity and the physical properties of foods with different textures during chewing behaviors","volume":"152","author":"Iguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"603","article-title":"Lipolytic activity of human lingual glands (Ebner)","volume":"37","author":"Hamosh","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Douglas, C.R. (1998). Patofisiologia Oral, Pancast."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Douglas, C.R. (2002). Tratado de Fisiologia Aplicada \u00e0 Fonoaudiologia, Robe."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Angelis, R.C. (1998). Digest\u00e3o e Absor\u00e7\u00e3o de Nutrientes, Sarvier."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chewing and its influence on swallowing, gastrointestinal and nutrition-related factors: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"150","article-title":"The Pathophysiology of Malabsorption","volume":"30","author":"Keller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viszeralmedizin"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.051201","article-title":"Minced beef is more rapidly digested and absorbed than beef steak, resulting in greater postprandial protein retention in older men","volume":"98","author":"Pennings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"123","article-title":"Relationship between Tooth Loss, Functional Dyspepsia and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disorder among Isfahani Adults","volume":"19","author":"Adibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Iran. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Chaudhry, S.R., Liman, M.N.P., and Peterson, D.C. (2022). Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis: Stomach, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.979317","article-title":"Relationship between chewing behavior and body weight status in fully dentate healthy adults","volume":"66","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S314379","article-title":"Oral Processing, Satiation and Obesity: Overview and Hypotheses","volume":"14","author":"Slyper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8519","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0216\/20192158519","article-title":"Chewing and swallowing in obese individuals referred to bariatric surgery\/gastroplasty\u2014A pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. CEFAC"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Argyrakopoulou, G., Simati, S., Dimitriadis, G., and Kokkinos, A. (2020). How Important Is Eating Rate in the Physiological Response to Food Intake, Control of Body Weight, and Glycemia?. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061734"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-017-2890-4","article-title":"Rapid Eating is Linked to Emotional Eating in Obese Women Relieving from Bariatric Surgery","volume":"28","author":"Canterini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.96","article-title":"Association between eating rate and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Ohkuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolay, E., Bykowska-Derda, A., Abdulsamad, S., Kaluzna, M., Samarzewska, K., Ruchala, M., and Czlapka-Matyasik, M. (2021). Self-Reported Eating Speed Is Associated with Indicators of Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9111559"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnme.2014.02.004","article-title":"The effect of eating rate on satiety in healthy and overweight people\u2014A pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Koidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"e-SPEN J."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"27","article-title":"Fast consumption increases the risk of overweight and obesity","volume":"71","author":"Glibowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000013","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2013-000013","article-title":"The effect of slow spaced eating on hunger and satiety in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res. Care"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518002246","article-title":"Eating with a smaller spoon decreases bite size, eating rate and ad libitum food intake in healthy young males","volume":"120","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.06.038","article-title":"Effects of eating rate on satiety: A role for episodic memory?","volume":"152","author":"Ferriday","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodward, E., Haszard, J., Worsfold, A., and Venn, B. (2020). Comparison of Self-Reported Speed of Eating with an Objective Measure of Eating Rate. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030599"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20140131","article-title":"Association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome in a three-year population-based cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, L., Yang, K., Huang, F., Liu, X., Li, X., Luo, Y., Wu, L., and Guo, X. (2018). Association between self-reported eating speed and metabolic syndrome in a Beijing adult population: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5784-z"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"489","article-title":"Perfil mastigat\u00f3rio de obesos m\u00f3rbidos submetidos \u00e0 gastroplastia","volume":"14","author":"Chehter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. CEFAC"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-18462009000200009","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o Miofuncional orofacial\u2014Protocolo MBGR","volume":"11","author":"Genaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. CEFAC"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.08.006","article-title":"The relationship between masticatory and swallowing behaviors and body weight","volume":"151","author":"Isabel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.04.027","article-title":"The effect of mastication on food intake, satiety and body weight","volume":"193","author":"Hollis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.14740\/jmc2343w","article-title":"An Unusual Case of Small Bowel Obstruction","volume":"6","author":"Porter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Cas."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2014.10.001","article-title":"Differences in eating behaviors and masticatory performances by gender and obesity status","volume":"138","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.015164","article-title":"Improvement in chewing activity reduces energy intake in one meal and modulates plasma gut hormone concentrations in obese and lean young Chinese men","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.03.028","article-title":"A comparison of chewing rate between overweight and normal BMI individuals","volume":"145","author":"White","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tada, A., and Miura, H. (2018). Association of mastication and factors affecting masticatory function with obesity in adults: A systematic review. BMC Oral Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0525-3"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20842","article-title":"Relationships between eating quickly and weight gain in Japanese university students: A longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"Yamane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.02.003","article-title":"Eating rate is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean adults","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovas."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2018.01.018","article-title":"Influence of oral processing on appetite and food intake\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Krop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1590\/s0102-6720201400s100004","article-title":"Weight loss in the first month post-gastroplasty following diet progression with introduction of solid food three weeks after surgery","volume":"27","author":"Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Cir. Dig."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02466-z","article-title":"Increased oral processing and a slower eating rate increase glycaemic, insulin and satiety responses to a mixed meal tolerance test","volume":"60","author":"Goh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12340","article-title":"Sensory influences on food intake control: Moving beyond palatability","volume":"17","author":"McCrickerd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Moraes, E.T.R., Almeida, L.M.R., and Santos, A.C.M. (2020). Autopercep\u00e7\u00e3o da Mastiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Degluti\u00e7\u00e3o em Adultos Obesos, Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o, Centro Universit\u00e1rio de V\u00e1rzea Grande. Available online: https:\/\/www.repositoriodigital.univag.com.br\/index.php\/tccfono\/article\/view\/566\/550."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014258","article-title":"Nutritional Recommendations for Adult Bariatric Surgery Patients: Clinical Practice","volume":"8","author":"Dagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S57054","article-title":"Interventions to improve long-term weight loss in patients following bariatric surgery: Challenges and solutions","volume":"8","author":"McGrice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.12.022","article-title":"Nutrition care for patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for weight loss","volume":"110","author":"Taylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2016.08.122","article-title":"Chewing in adolescents with overweight and obesity: An exploratory study with behavioral approach","volume":"107","author":"Araujo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12240","article-title":"Assessment of osseous morphology of temporomandibular joint in asymptomatic participants with chewing-side preference","volume":"42","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"e20160074","article-title":"Study of the kinematic variables of unilateral and habitual mastication of healthy individuals","volume":"29","author":"Pasinato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Codas"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00263","article-title":"Masticatory Adaptation to Occlusal Changes","volume":"11","author":"Bourdiol","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2242","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2242","article-title":"Human feeding biomechanics: Performance, variation, and functional constraints","volume":"4","author":"Ledogar","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"e17751","article-title":"The Effect of Body Mass Index on the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms Among a Saudi Population","volume":"13","author":"Alkhowaiter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15557","article-title":"Obesity-Related Digestive Diseases and Their Pathophysiology","volume":"15","author":"Nam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut. Liver"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13143","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders in 35,447 adults and their association with body mass index","volume":"41","author":"Bouchoucha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"252","article-title":"Obesity and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett\u2019s esophagus: A Mendelian randomization study","volume":"30","author":"Thrift","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2013.07.038","article-title":"Circulating inflammatory cytokines and adipokines are associated with increased risk of Barrett\u2019s esophagus: A case-control study","volume":"12","author":"Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.03.056","article-title":"Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating","volume":"19","author":"Lacy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.07.017","article-title":"Effects of chewing on appetite, food intake and gut hormones: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Hetherington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"Mahan, L.K., Escott-Stump, S., and Raymond, J.L. (2018). Krause Alimentos, Nutri\u00e7\u00e3o e Dietoterapia, , Guanabara Koogan. [14th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxac161","article-title":"The Fecal Metabolome Links Diet Composition, Foacidic positive ion conditions, chromatographicallyod Processing, and the Gut Microbiota to Gastrointestinal Health in a Randomized Trial of Adults Consuming a Processed Diet","volume":"152","author":"Karl","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05837-2","article-title":"The benefits of dietary fiber: The gastrointestinal tract and beyond","volume":"38","author":"Snauwaert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12583","article-title":"Effect of chewing rate on meal intake","volume":"127","author":"Paphangkorakit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/jtxs.12462","article-title":"Evaluating chewing function: Expanding the dysphagia field using food oral processing and the IDDSI framework","volume":"51","author":"Cichero","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Texture Stud."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.01.007","article-title":"Influence of food volume per mouthful on chewing and bolus properties","volume":"15","author":"Goto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Alves, M.P. (2014). Associa\u00e7\u00e3o entre Mastiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Excesso de Peso: Uma Revis\u00e3o Sistem\u00e1tica, Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Available online: http:\/\/ri.ufmt.br\/handle\/1\/473."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2021.09.016","article-title":"Reduced masticatory function predicts gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal dysphagia in patients referred for upper endoscopy: A cross-sectional study","volume":"54","author":"Pauletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12867","article-title":"Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion","volume":"24","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"102032","article-title":"Reduced mastication is a risk factor for Rome IV postprandial distress syndrome in patients investigated with upper endoscopy","volume":"46","author":"Pauletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gas."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Vakhshuury, M., and Khoshdel, A. (2019). The Relation between Dietary Patterns and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders among Iranian Military Men. Adv. Biomed. Res., 21."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"2025","article-title":"Selection of Behavior by Justifications as Constituent of Rules","volume":"25","author":"Albuquerque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Psychol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvall\u00f3, B.N., Albuquerque, L.C., Faria, G.O., and Paracampo, C.C.P. (2023). Effects of Justifications on Children\u00b4s Reading Behavior. Trends Psychol., 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43076-023-00306-7"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7153.201528317","article-title":"Efeitos de hist\u00f3rias experimentais e de justificativas sociais sobre o comportamento de seguir regras","volume":"28","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psicol. Reflex. Cr\u00edtica."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/8\/1096\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:25:22Z","timestamp":1760106322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/8\/1096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16081096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16081096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]}}}