{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:55:00Z","timestamp":1788886500943,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ottogi Ham Taiho Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies have been ongoing problems in Koreans due to a lack of food sources of calcium and vitamin D. Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 64 years (n = 25) were randomly assigned to consume three home meal replacements (HMRs)\/week with (treatment) and without (control) eggshell powder and vitamin D for 6 months. Additionally, subjects who agreed to continue the study consumed the same three HMRs\/week for an additional 6 months in this randomized double-blind study. We confirmed the high compliance of the study participants by analyzing carotenoids, the bioactive substances of HMRs, in the blood. The treatment group consumed an additional 261 mg\/d of calcium and 10.3 \u03bcg\/d of vitamin D from the HMRs, thus meeting the recommended intakes of calcium and vitamin D for Koreans. As a result of consuming fortified HMRs for 6 months, the decline in femoral neck bone density was significantly reduced in the treatment group (p = 0.035). This study indicates that inexpensive eggshell powder may be a good source of calcium for populations with low consumption of milk and dairy products. Additionally, functional HMRs fortified with eggshell powder and vitamin D can be a good dietary strategy for bone health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T11:09:20Z","timestamp":1712920160000},"page":"1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Home Meal Replacement Fortified with Eggshell Powder and Vitamin D Prevents Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5895-1800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nam-Seok","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Hui","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1213-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seok-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susie","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Jin","family":"Yeum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holvik, K., Ellingsen, C.L., Solbakken, S.M., Finnes, T.E., Talsnes, O., Grimnes, G., Tell, G.S., Sogaard, A.J., and Meyer, H.E. 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