{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:46:39Z","timestamp":1763037999304,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Society of Clinical Nutrition for Children","award":["1\/2020 PTZKD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/2020 PTZKD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study continues the research in which we determined the concentration of aluminum in children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition (LPN). Since our results were interesting, we decided to assay arsenic (As) and cobalt (Co) in the collected material, which, like aluminum, constitute contamination in the mixtures used in parenteral nutrition. Excesses of these trace elements in the human body are highly toxic, and deficiencies, particularly in the case of Co, can lead to various complications. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of LPN in children on their serum levels of As and Co, as well as the excretion of these elements in urine, and to compare them with a control group of healthy children. The study group consisted of 83 children receiving home parenteral nutrition from two Polish centers, while the control group included 121 healthy children. In both groups, the levels of As and Co in serum and urine were measured. The elemental compositions of the samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was demonstrated that the children receiving LPN did not have increased As exposure compared to the controls. Greater exposure compared to the control group was shown for Co. In conclusion, children receiving LPN are not exposed to As, and even though the concentrations of Co in serum and urine were higher in the LPN group than in the healthy controls, neither trace element poses a health threat to children requiring LPN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T04:21:59Z","timestamp":1713241319000},"page":"1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Arsenic and Cobalt Levels in Pediatric Patients Receiving Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Romanowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1542-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0545-1391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miko\u0142aj","family":"Danko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Borkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-803 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Popi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sibilska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"\u017bydak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7270-0063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Marciniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5992-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Allergology and Nutrition, Medical University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-803 Gda\u0144sk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9136-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Ksi\u0105\u017cyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Memorial Health Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10978","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome: Complications and management","volume":"38","author":"Bering","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. 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