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Excessive intake of any essential nutrient is problematic and this seems to be particularly the case for sodium since a high intake makes it the nutrient most strongly associated with mortality. Sodium intake has been the object of recommendations by public health agencies such as the WHO and this has resulted in efforts by the food industry to reduce the sodium content of packaged foods, although there is still room for improvement. The recent literature also emphasizes the need for other strategies, e.g., regulations and education, to promote adequate sodium intake. In the present paper, we also describe the potential benefits of a global healthy lifestyle that considers healthy eating but also physical activity habits that improve body functionality and may help to attenuate the detrimental effects of high sodium intake on body composition and cardiometabolic health. In conclusion, a reduction in sodium intake, an improvement in body functioning, and educational interventions promoting healthy eating behaviours seem to be essential for the optimal regulation of sodium balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T07:55:54Z","timestamp":1713426954000},"page":"1199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sodium and Human Health: What Can Be Done to Improve Sodium Balance beyond Food Processing?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0824-0530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Nutrition, Sant\u00e9 et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0059-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Pascale","family":"Gagn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6440-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"P\u00e9russe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Nutrition, Sant\u00e9 et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Fortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Research Center, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0404-8883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Provencher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Nutrition, Sant\u00e9 et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"School of Nutrition, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Corcuff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Pomerleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky","family":"Drapeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Nutrition, Sant\u00e9 et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.3.583","article-title":"Angiotensin, thirst, and sodium appetite","volume":"78","author":"Fitzsimons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. 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