{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:31:02Z","timestamp":1783197062253,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000354","name":"Food Standards Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N05064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N05064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Capes 88887.695553\/2022-00","award":["N05064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N05064"]}]},{"name":"CNPq productivity grant level 1A Physical Geography","award":["N05064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N05064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global population is at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to low exposure to sunlight and low intake of the vitamin through diet. The aim of this study was to investigate in women the association between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone (PTH), ultraviolet radiation, lifestyle, ethnicity, social conditions, and residential greenness. A 1-year longitudinal study assessed vitamin D status in 309 women living at latitude 51\u00b014\u2032 N. Blood samples were taken four times throughout the year for analysis of 25(OH)D and serum PTH concentration. After each seasonal visit, the individuals completed 4-day diet diaries and used two dosimeter badges for 1 week to estimate weekly UVR exposure. A questionnaire was applied to provide information about lifestyle and their ethnicity. Residential greenness was measured by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), within a 1000 m radius around each participant\u2019s home address. Women living in greener spaces were more likely to have improved vitamin D status (RR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.13\u20132.02), as well as those who were more exposed to UVR (RR: 2.05; 95%CI: 1.44\u20132.92). Our results provide an insight into the connection between residential greenness, lifestyle, and vitamin D status comparing two ethnicities in a country with a temperate climate and with a high degree of urbanization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T06:28:09Z","timestamp":1713508089000},"page":"1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Residential Greenness, Lifestyle, and Vitamin D: A Longitudinal Cohort of South Asian Origin and Caucasian Ethnicity Women Living in the South of the UK"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0415-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keila Valente de Souza de","family":"Santana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1321-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7038-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel Henrique Ribeiro","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Sa\u00fade Ambiental, Faculdade de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246-904, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Lanham-New","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678S","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of auto-immune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"80","author":"Holick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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