{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:50:27Z","timestamp":1790041827904,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr. Sch\u00e4r"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As gluten may trigger gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), its presence or absence in the diet can change the diversity and proportion of gut microbiota. The effects of gluten after six weeks of a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with a gluten-free diet (GFD) were studied in participants with GIDs suffering from migraines and atopic dermatitis (n = 46). Clinical biomarkers, digestive symptoms, stool, the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire, and zonulin levels were analyzed. Next-generation sequencing was used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of fungi. The GFD increased Chao1 fungal diversity after the intervention, while the fungal composition showed no changes. Bacterial diversity and composition remained stable, but a positive association between bacterial and fungal Chao1 diversity and a negative association between Dothideomycetes and Akkermansia were observed. GIDs decreased in both groups and migraines improved in the placebo group. Our findings may aid the development of GID treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16081228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T03:57:07Z","timestamp":1713758227000},"page":"1228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of Gluten on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders, Migraine, and Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"San Mauro Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"L\u00f3pez Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garicano Vilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guerthy Melissa","family":"S\u00e1nchez Ni\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno F.","family":"Penad\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Terr\u00e9n Lora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Sanz Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA Group), Paseo de la Habana 43, 28036 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-5065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Collado Yurrita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.105","article-title":"Self-reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS are common and associated with more severe symptoms and reduced quality of life","volume":"108","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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