{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T16:56:03Z","timestamp":1784220963595,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study assessed the prevalence of myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration among Koreans over 40, utilizing data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII, 2018). We analyzed 204,973 adults (44% men, 56% women; mean age 58.70 \u00b1 10.75 years), exploring the association between myopia and these eye diseases through multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results showed a myopia prevalence of 44.6%, cataracts at 19.4%, macular degeneration at 16.2%, and glaucoma at 2.3%, with significant differences across ages and genders. A potential link was found between myopia and an increased risk of cataracts and macular degeneration, but not with glaucoma. Additionally, a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, polyunsaturated and n-6 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals correlated with lower risks of these diseases, underscoring the importance of the diet in managing and preventing age-related eye conditions. These findings highlight the need for dietary considerations in public health strategies and confirm myopia as a significant risk factor for specific eye diseases in the aging Korean population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T05:26:13Z","timestamp":1714022773000},"page":"1276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Myopia and Nutrient Associations with Age-Related Eye Diseases in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional KNHANES Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jeong-Mee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Optics, Far East University, Eumseong 27601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-2098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yean-Jung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Statistics Korea (2023, August 25). Senior Citizen Statistics, Available online: https:\/\/kostat.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a10301010000&bid=10820&tag=&act=view&list_no=420896&ref_bid."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Statistics Korea (2023, August 25). Life Expectancy, Available online: https:\/\/kostat.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a10301060900&bid=208&act=view&list_no=422107."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023, August 20). Blindness and Vision Impairment. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blindness-and-visual-impairment."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580701423151","article-title":"Epidemiology of cataract: Accomplishments over 25 years and future directions","volume":"14","author":"West","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.09.001","article-title":"Complement factor H in AMD: Bridging genetic associations and pathobiology","volume":"62","author":"Toomey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6509809","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6509809","article-title":"Medical Management of Glaucoma in the 21st Century from a Canadian Perspective","volume":"2016","author":"Harasymowycz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60272-4","article-title":"Myopia","volume":"379","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2016.30.3.214","article-title":"Refractive errors in Koreans: The Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey 2008\u20132012","volume":"30","author":"Rim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"635","article-title":"We can\u2019t afford to turn a blind eye to myopia","volume":"26","author":"Bourke","year":"2019","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12238","article-title":"Current and predicted demographics of high myopia and an update of its associated pathological changes","volume":"35","author":"Verkicharla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-13096","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010\u20132011","volume":"55","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1993.01090060119035","article-title":"The lens opacities classification system III. The longitudinal study of cataract study group","volume":"111","author":"Chylack","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2011.25.6.421","article-title":"Prevalence of eye disease in South Korea: Data from the Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey 2008\u20132009","volume":"25","author":"Yoon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(05)80092-X","article-title":"An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The International ARM Epidemiological Study Group","volume":"39","author":"Bird","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.2.238","article-title":"The definition and classification of glaucoma in prevalence surveys","volume":"86","author":"Foster","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.03.022","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration: Prevalence and risk factors from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 through 2011","volume":"121","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, K., Kim, H., Jun, T.J., and Kim, Y.H. (2023). Association of dietary sodium intake with impaired fasting glucose in adult cancer survivors: A population-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286346"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2023.17.3.451","article-title":"Estimated dietary vitamin D intake and major vitamin D food sources of Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016\u20132019","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2022.2127784","article-title":"WHO Vision 2020: Have We Done It?","volume":"30","author":"Abdulhussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.017","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of cataract surgery in France from 2009 to 2012: A national population study","volume":"122","author":"Daien","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2008.11.002","article-title":"Gene\u2013environment interactions in ocular diseases","volume":"667","author":"Sacca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000316481","article-title":"Oxidative damage and the prevention of age-related cataracts","volume":"44","author":"Beebe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000060807","article-title":"A review of the epidemiologic evidence linking ultraviolet radiation and cataracts","volume":"35","author":"McCarty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2016.31.6.963","article-title":"Cataract and Cataract Surgery: Nationwide Prevalence and Clinical Determinants","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"010804","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.010804","article-title":"The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.02.015","article-title":"Prevalence of cataract in rural Indonesia","volume":"112","author":"Husain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18469","article-title":"Prevalence of Glaucoma in the United States: The 2005\u20132008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"57","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.10.007","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in Asians: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.10.005","article-title":"Age-related eye disease and gender","volume":"83","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1997.tb01745.x","article-title":"Gender, oestrogen, hormone replacement and age-related macular degeneration: Results from the Blue Mountains Eye Study","volume":"25","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1134.e1","article-title":"Causes of blindness and visual impairment in urban and rural areas in Beijing: The Beijing eye study","volume":"113","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"2237","article-title":"Incidence and progression rates of age-related maculopathy: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"42","author":"Klaver","year":"2001","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis, P.J., Schultz, D.W., Hamon, S., Ott, J., Weleber, R.G., and Klein, M. (2007). Haplotypes in the complement factor H (CFH) gene: Associations with drusen and advanced age-related macular degeneration. PLoS ONE, 2.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001197"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakravarthy, U., Wong, T.Y., Fletcher, A., Piault, E., Evans, C., Zlateva, G., Buggage, R., Pleil, A., and Mitchell, P. (2010). Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-10-31"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.01.003","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"105","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdull, M.M., Chandler, C., and Gilbert, C. (2016). Glaucoma, \u201cthe silent thief of sight\u201d: Patients\u2019 perspectives and health seeking behaviour in Bauchi, northern Nigeria. BMC Ophthalmol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0220-6"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"366372","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of glaucoma in an adult population from Shahroud, Iran","volume":"31","author":"Hashemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Curr. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2016.02.003","article-title":"Glaucoma history and risk factors","volume":"10","author":"McMonnies","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e371","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X685165","article-title":"Glaucoma: The patient\u2019s perspective","volume":"66","author":"Imrie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2019.0064","article-title":"Cataract surgery practices in the Republic of Korea: A survey of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 2018","volume":"33","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.03.027","article-title":"Increasing incidence of cataract surgery: Population-based study","volume":"39","author":"Gollogly","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2016.57.7.1044","article-title":"The safeness of cataract surgery in older subjects","volume":"57","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2020.61.7.726","article-title":"Analysis of the change in the number of cataract surgeries: KNHIS data 2013\u20132018","volume":"61","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2014.55.12.1772","article-title":"Current status and future expectations of cataract surgery in Korea: KNHANES IV","volume":"55","author":"Rim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2023, July 20). HIRA Bigdata Open Portal. Available online: https:\/\/opendata.hira.or.kr\/op\/opc\/olapHthInsRvStatInfoTab14.do."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"717","article-title":"Prevalence, awareness and treatment rates of eye diseases: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"12","author":"Woo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Public Health Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4009","article-title":"Association of axial length with risk of uncorrectable visual impairment for Europeans with myopia","volume":"134","author":"Tideman","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000230","article-title":"Pathologic myopia","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001367","article-title":"Myopia control: Why each diopter matters","volume":"96","author":"Bullimore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.4.49","article-title":"The complications of myopia: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Haarman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. Ohthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.04.022","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a japanese adult population: The tajimi study","volume":"113","author":"Iwase","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.05.030","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a rural chinese adult population: The handan eye study","volume":"115","author":"Liang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2004.06.004","article-title":"How genetic is school myopia?","volume":"24","author":"Morgan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia","volume":"32","author":"Pan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520180037032","article-title":"Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group","volume":"272","author":"Seddon","year":"1994","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.05.015","article-title":"Nutritional antioxidants and age-related cataract and maculopathy","volume":"84","author":"Chiu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29370","article-title":"Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and fish and risk of age-related hearing loss","volume":"92","author":"Gopinath","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braakhuis, A.J., Donaldson, C.I., Lim, J.C., and Donaldson, P.J. (2019). Nutritional strategies to prevent lens cataract: Current status and future strategies. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051186"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12077","article-title":"Nutritional modulation of cataract","volume":"72","author":"Weikel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, J.C., Caballero Arredondo, M., Braakhuis, A.J., and Donaldson, P.J. (2020). Vitamin C and the Lens: New Insights into Delaying the Onset of Cataract. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103142"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5072405","article-title":"Diminishing risk for age-related macular degeneration with nutrition: A current view","volume":"5","author":"Schleicher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303317","article-title":"Contribution of the Nurses\u2019 Health Study to the Epidemiology of Cataract, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, and Glaucoma","volume":"106","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francisco, S.G., Smith, K.M., Aragon\u00e8s, G., Whitcomb, E.A., Weinberg, J., Wang, X., Bejarano, E., Taylor, A., and Rowan, S. (2020). Dietary Patterns, Carbohydrates, and Age-Related Eye Diseases. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092862"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.007","article-title":"The Association of Dietary Lutein plus Zeaxanthin and B Vitamins with Cataracts in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study: AREDS Report No. 37","volume":"122","author":"Glaser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Lou, L., Jin, K., and Ye, J. (2022). Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Age-Related Cataract in American Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES 2005\u20132008. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010098"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20190116","article-title":"Intake of vegetables and fruits and the risk of cataract incidence in a Japanese population: The Japan public health center-based prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Adachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jee, D., Kang, S., Huang, S., and Park, S. (2020). Polygenetic-Risk Scores Related to Crystallin Metabolism Are Associated with Age-Related Cataract Formation and Interact with Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Western-Style Diet, and Na Intake. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113534"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.01.022","article-title":"Glaucoma risk and the consumption of fruits and vegetables among older women in the study of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"145","author":"Coleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y.Y., and Chen, Y.J. (2023). The Relationship between Dietary Calcium and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030671"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2009.60","article-title":"Fat consumption and its association with age-related macular degeneration","volume":"127","author":"Chong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2008.07.006","article-title":"Xanthophyll (lutein, zeaxanthin) content in fruits, vegetables and corn and egg products","volume":"22","author":"Perry","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.06.014","article-title":"Effect of lutein and zeaxanthin on macular pigment and visual function in patients with early age-related macular degeneration","volume":"119","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2015.1049510","article-title":"Lutein and cataract: From bench to bedside","volume":"36","author":"Manayi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Pombeiro-Sponchiado, S.R., Sousa, G.S., Andrade, J.C., Lisboa, H.F., and Gon\u00e7alves, R.C. (2017). Melanin, IntechOpen."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967118804544","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118804544","article-title":"Efficacy of vitamin C supplementation on collagen synthesis and oxidative stress after musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"DePhillipo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2015.11.009","article-title":"An eye on nutrition: The role of vitamins, essential fatty acids, and antioxidants in age-related macular degeneration, dry eye syndrome, and cataract","volume":"34","author":"McCusker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V.J., Peris-Ramos, H.C., Redondo-Fl\u00f3rez, L., Beltr\u00e1n-Velasco, A.I., Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, A., David-Fernandez, S., Y\u00e1\u00f1ez-Sep\u00falveda, R., and Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. (2024). Personalizing Nutrition Strategies: Bridging Research and Public Health. J. Pers. Med., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14030305"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.06.005","article-title":"Myopia and age-related cataract: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x","article-title":"Myopia and associated pathological complications","volume":"25","author":"Saw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."}],"container-title":["Nutrients"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/9\/1276\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:33:49Z","timestamp":1760106829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6643\/16\/9\/1276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nu16091276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16091276","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6643"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6643","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}}}