{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T23:00:38Z","timestamp":1784415638248,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok","award":["N\/ST\/MN\/17\/003\/3316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/ST\/MN\/17\/003\/3316"]}]},{"name":"Medical University of Bialystok","award":["B.SUB.23.602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.SUB.23.602"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity represents a significant global public health concern. The excessive accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue is often implicated in the development of metabolic complications associated with obesity. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of particular deposits of abdominal adipose tissue on the occurrence of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism complications. We established cut-off points for visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and the VAT\/SAT ratio at which selected metabolic complications of obesity-related diseases (disorders of carbohydrate and\/or lipid metabolism) occur. We conducted an observational study involving 91 subjects with first- and second-degree obesity, accounting for gender differences. Anthropometric measurements were taken, body composition analysis (BIA) was conducted, and biochemical determinations were made. Our findings suggest that commonly used parameters for assessing early metabolic risk, such as BMI or waist circumference, may overlook the significant factor of body fat distribution, as well as gender differences. Both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue were found to be important in estimating metabolic risk. We identified the cut-off points in women in terms of their elevated fasting glucose levels and the presence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) based on SAT, VAT, and the VAT\/SAT ratio. In men, cut-off points were determined for the presence of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) based on VAT and the VAT\/SAT ratio. However, the results regarding lipid disorders were inconclusive, necessitating further investigation of a larger population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1714123562000},"page":"1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Estimation of the Impact of Abdominal Adipose Tissue (Subcutaneous and Visceral) on the Occurrence of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in Patients with Obesity\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6969-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Witczak-Sawczuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mieszka I 4 B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0543-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucyna","family":"Ostrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mieszka I 4 B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0832-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Cwalina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Leszczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mieszka I 4 B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1914-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Jastrz\u0119bska-Mierzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mieszka I 4 B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin Krzysztof","family":"H\u0142adu\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Zurawia 71A, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). 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