{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T14:29:45Z","timestamp":1770906585469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MUR\u2013M4C2 1.5 of PNRR","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"MUR\u2013M4C2 1.5 of PNRR","award":["IG 25809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 25809"]}]},{"name":"University of Torino, Italy","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"University of Torino, Italy","award":["IG 25809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 25809"]}]},{"name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC","award":["ECS00000036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000036"]}]},{"name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, AIRC","award":["IG 25809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 25809"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oleocanthal (OC) is a monophenol of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) endowed with antibiotic, cardioprotective and anticancer effects, among others, mainly in view of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. OC has been largely investigated in terms of its anticancer activity, in Alzheimer disease and in collagen-induced arthritis; however, the possibility that it can also affect muscle biology has been totally overlooked so far. This study is the first to describe that OC modulates alterations induced in C2C12 myotubes by stimuli known to induce muscle wasting in vivo, namely TNF-\u03b1, or in the medium conditioned by the C26 cachexia-inducing tumor (CM-C26). C2C12 myotubes were exposed to CM-C26 or TNF-\u03b1 in the presence or absence of OC for 24 and 48 h and analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. In combination with TNF-\u03b1 or CM-C26, OC was revealed to be able to restore both the myotube\u2019s original size and morphology and normal levels of both atrogin-1 and MuRF1. OC seems unable to impinge on the autophagic\u2013lysosomal proteolytic system or protein synthesis. Modulations towards normal levels of the expression of molecules involved in myogenesis, such as Pax7, myogenin and MyHC, were also observed in the myotube cultures exposed to OC and TNF-\u03b1 or CM-C26. In conclusion, the data presented here show that OC exerts a protective action in C2C12 myotubes exposed to TNF-\u03b1 or CM-C26, with mechanisms likely involving the downregulation of ubiquitin\u2013proteasome-dependent proteolysis and the partial relief of myogenic differentiation impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1714123562000},"page":"1302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oleocanthal Protects C2C12 Myotubes against the Pro-Catabolic and Anti-Myogenic Action of Stimuli Able to Induce Muscle Wasting In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"De Stefanis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Balestrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Costelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, K.L., and Chin, K.Y. 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