{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T02:58:25Z","timestamp":1778122705379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1079668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1079668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1047485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1047485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["454856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["454856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nestec Ltd.","award":["1079668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1079668"]}]},{"name":"Nestec Ltd.","award":["1047485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1047485"]}]},{"name":"Nestec Ltd.","award":["454856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["454856"]}]},{"name":"Asthma Australia","award":["1079668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1079668"]}]},{"name":"Asthma Australia","award":["1047485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1047485"]}]},{"name":"Asthma Australia","award":["454856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["454856"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Early-life vitamin D is a potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of eczema, but there is a lack of data on longitudinal associations. Method: We measured 25(OH)D3 levels from neonatal dried blood spots in 223 high-allergy-risk children. Latent class analysis was used to define longitudinal eczema phenotype up to 25 years (4 subclasses). Skin prick tests (SPTs) to 6 allergens and eczema outcomes at 6 time points were used to define eczema\/sensitization phenotypes. Associations between 25(OH)D3 and prevalent eczema and eczema phenotypes were assessed using logistic regression models. Results: Median 25(OH)D3 level was 32.5 nmol\/L (P25-P75 = 23.1 nmol\/L). Each 10 nmol\/L increase in neonatal 25(OH)D3 was associated with a 26% reduced odds of early-onset persistent eczema (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (aMOR) = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56\u20130.98) and 30% increased odds of early-onset-resolving eczema (aMOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.05\u20131.62) when compared to minimal\/no eczema up to 12 years. Similar associations were seen for eczema phenotype up to 25 years. We did not see any strong evidence for the association between neonatal 25(OH)D3 and prevalent eczema or eczema\/sensitization phenotype. Conclusions: Higher neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels, a reflection of maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy, may reduce the risk of early-onset persistent eczema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T09:26:02Z","timestamp":1714123562000},"page":"1303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neonatal Vitamin D and Associations with Longitudinal Changes of Eczema up to 25 Years of Age"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0192-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline J.","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Koplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego J.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bircan","family":"Erbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia"},{"name":"Violet Vines Marshman Centre for Rural Health Research, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darryl","family":"Eyles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4076, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6581-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Louise","family":"Ponsonby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Wjst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80333 M\u00fcnchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyamali C.","family":"Dharmage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4691-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.12.591","article-title":"Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: Report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 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