{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:40:38Z","timestamp":1788234038373,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Projects of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["JJKH20210617KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20210617KJ"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Projects of Jilin Provincial Department of Education","award":["20210203179SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210203179SF"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Project Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["JJKH20210617KJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JJKH20210617KJ"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Project Foundation of Jilin Province","award":["20210203179SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210203179SF"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies have highlighted the lipid-lowering ability of hawthorn ethanol extract (HEE) and the role played by gut flora in the efficacy of HEE. Our study sought to explore the effects of HEE on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in normal flora and pseudo germ-free mice. The results showed that HEE effectively diminished hepatic lipid accumulation, ameliorated liver function, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and blood lipid profiles, and regulated blood glucose levels. HEE facilitated triglyceride breakdown, suppressed fatty acid synthesis, and enhanced intestinal health by modulating the diversity of the gut microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. In addition, HEE apparently helps to increase the presence of beneficial genera of bacteria, thereby influencing the composition of the gut microbiota, and the absence of gut flora affects the efficacy of HEE. These findings reveal the potential of hawthorn for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and provide new perspectives on the study of functional plants to improve liver health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T04:26:16Z","timestamp":1714364776000},"page":"1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Targeting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Hawthorn Ethanol Extract (HEE): A Comprehensive Examination of Hepatic Lipid Reduction and Gut Microbiota Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jumin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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