{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:54:07Z","timestamp":1789595647515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University Doctoral Research Starting Funds","award":["YS304320150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YS304320150"]}]},{"name":"University Doctoral Research Starting Funds","award":["KYZ04Y22296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYZ04Y22296"]}]},{"name":"University Doctoral Research Starting Funds","award":["23KJCX050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJCX050"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Master Student Research Funds","award":["YS304320150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YS304320150"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Master Student Research Funds","award":["KYZ04Y22296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYZ04Y22296"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Province Master Student Research Funds","award":["23KJCX050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJCX050"]}]},{"name":"Sports Science Innovation Project of General Administration of Sport of China","award":["YS304320150"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YS304320150"]}]},{"name":"Sports Science Innovation Project of General Administration of Sport of China","award":["KYZ04Y22296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KYZ04Y22296"]}]},{"name":"Sports Science Innovation Project of General Administration of Sport of China","award":["23KJCX050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KJCX050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweat rate and electrolyte losses have a large inter-individual variability. A personalized approach to hydration can overcome this issue to meet an individual\u2019s needs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a personalized hydration strategy (PHS) on fluid balance and intermittent exercise performance. Twelve participants conducted 11 laboratory visits including a VO2max test and two 5-day trial arms under normothermic (NOR) or hyperthermic (HYP) environmental conditions. Each arm began with three days of familiarization exercise followed by two random exercise trials with either a PHS or a control (CON). Then, participants crossed over to the second arm for: NOR+PHS, NOR+CON, HYP+PHS, or HYP+CON. The PHS was prescribed according to the participants\u2019 fluid and sweat sodium losses. CON drank ad libitum of commercially-available electrolyte solution. Exercise trials consisted of two phases: (1) 45 min constant workload; (2) high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) until exhaustion. Fluids were only provided in phase 1. PHS had a significantly greater fluid intake (HYP+PHS: 831.7 \u00b1 166.4 g; NOR+PHS: 734.2 \u00b1 144.9 g) compared to CON (HYP+CON: 369.8 \u00b1 221.7 g; NOR+CON: 272.3 \u00b1 143.0 g), regardless of environmental conditions (p &lt; 0.001). HYP+CON produced the lowest sweat sodium concentration (56.2 \u00b1 9.0 mmol\/L) compared to other trials (p &lt; 0.001). HYP+PHS had a slower elevated thirst perception and a longer HIIT (765 \u00b1 452 s) compared to HYP+CON (548 \u00b1 283 s, p = 0.04). Thus, PHS reinforces fluid intake and successfully optimizes hydration status, regardless of environmental conditions. PHS may be or is an important factor in preventing negative physiological consequences during high-intensity exercise in the heat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T10:33:36Z","timestamp":1714386816000},"page":"1341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Personalized Hydration Strategy to Improve Fluid Balance and Intermittent Exercise Performance in the Heat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Haicheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2714-339X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate S.","family":"Early","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00414","article-title":"Ambient Conditions Prior to Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Considerations for Acclimation or Acclimatization Strategies","volume":"10","author":"Gerrett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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