{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:34:58Z","timestamp":1789475698920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding how maternal micronutrient intake and dietary habits impact gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is crucial. Data from 797 pregnant women were prospectively analyzed to assess GDM status with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nutritional intake was evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) across two periods: Period A, covering 6 months before pregnancy, and Period B, from pregnancy onset to mid-gestation (24 weeks). Micronutrient intakes were compared against the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dietary reference values (DRVs) and were used to estimate the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) to assess dietary adequacy. GDM was diagnosed in 14.7% (n = 117) of women with the characteristics of a higher mean maternal age (MA) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Out of the 13 vitamins assessed, biotin, folate, niacin, and pantothenic acid were found significantly higher in the GDM group, as did iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc from the 10 minerals. The results were influenced by the timing of the assessment. Importantly, MAR was higher during pregnancy and was found to increase the risk of GDM by 1% (95%CI: 1, 1.02). A sensitivity analysis revealed that reducing MAR significantly raised the GDM risk by 68% (95%CI: 1.02, 2.79). No association was revealed between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and GDM risk. These findings highlight areas for further investigation into whether dietary modifications involving these specific micronutrients could effectively influence GDM outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16091375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T08:02:22Z","timestamp":1714723342000},"page":"1375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of Maternal Micronutrient Intake on Gestational Diabetes Risk: Results from Greece\u2019s BORN2020 Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6406-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antigoni","family":"Tranidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6517-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuella","family":"Magriplis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6391-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Apostolopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Tsakiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Chroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6535-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Tsekitsidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioustini","family":"Kalaitzopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Pazaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9490-8356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michail","family":"Chourdakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2863-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Themistoklis","family":"Dagklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S002","article-title":"2. 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