{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T14:29:55Z","timestamp":1787668195214,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Het\u00e9nyi G\u00e9za Research Grant of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adequate vitamin D (VD) intake during pregnancy is needed for fetal development and maternal health maintenance. However, while there is no doubt regarding its importance, there is not a unified recommendation regarding adequate intake. The main aim of our study was to measure the VD serum level of studied women, together with its potential influencing factors: demographic (i.e., age, level of education, relationship status and type of residence), conception and pregnancy related factors. Results are based on secondary data analyses of a retrospective case\u2013control study of 100 preterm and 200 term pregnancies, where case and control groups were analyzed together. Data collection was based on a self-administered questionnaire, health documentation, and maternal serum VD laboratory tests. VD intake was evaluated by diet and dietary supplement consumption. According to our results, 68.1% of women took some kind of prenatal vitamin, and only 25.9% of them knew about its VD content. Only 12.1% of included women reached the optimal, 75 nmol\/L serum VD level. Higher maternal serum levels were associated with early pregnancy care visits (p = 0.001), assisted reproductive therapy (p = 0.028) and advice from gynecologists (p = 0.049). A correlation was found between VD intake and serum levels (p &lt; 0.001). Despite the compulsory pregnancy counselling in Hungary, health consciousness, VD intake and serum levels remain below the recommendations. The role of healthcare professionals is crucial during pregnancy regarding micronutrients intake and the appropriate supplementation dose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T10:31:16Z","timestamp":1715250676000},"page":"1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Study of Vitamin D Status and Its Influencing Factors among Pregnant Women in Szeged, Hungary: A Secondary Outcome of a Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Evelin","family":"Polanek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Sis\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8606-080X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"M\u00e1t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edina","family":"Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajnalka","family":"Orvos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edit","family":"Paulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665119001538","article-title":"Future perspectives in addressing the global issue of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"79","author":"Mendes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. 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