{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:53:02Z","timestamp":1789800782592,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China-Food Safety Standards, Monitoring and Evaluation Department","award":["102393220020070000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102393220020070000012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrients"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It has been strongly suggested that selenium deficiency and T-2 toxin contamination have a strong relationship with the occurrence and development of Kashin\u2013Beck disease (KBD). In order to provide information for understanding the high prevalence of KBD in Tibet, this study collected the responses to a cubital venous blood and dietary questionnaire of 125 subjects including 75 KBD patients and 50 healthy controls in a KBD-prevalent county (Luolong County) in Tibet, China. A total of 10 household local families were randomly selected in this area, and local diet samples of brick tea, Zanba powder, milk residue, and hulless Barley were collected from these residents. Selenium content in blood was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The T-2 toxin contamination level in food sample was assayed using an ELISA kit. The selenium levels of patients and controls were 42.0 \u00b1 19.8 and 56.06 \u00b1 22.4 \u03bcg\/L, respectively. The serum selenium level in controls was higher than that in patients, but there was no significant difference, and the serum selenium level both in patients and controls in Tibet was lower than the normal range. The results of the dietary survey showed that the number of respondents who consumed butter tea was large; 46.67% of patients indicated that they drank buttered tea every day, which was significantly higher than in controls. The contents of T-2 toxin in Zanba powder, milk residue, hulless barley and drinking water samples were below the detection limit (0.05 \u03bcg\/kg); this result was labeled Tr. Unexpectedly, the contents of T-2 toxin in brick tea were higher, with average levels of 424 \u00b1 56 \u03bcg\/kg in Detong village and 396 \u00b1 24 \u03bcg\/kg in Langcuo village. For the first time, we report the presence of an extremely high concentration of T-2 toxin in brick tea of Tibet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T03:34:01Z","timestamp":1715571241000},"page":"1449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence of T-2 Toxin in the Food and Beverages of Residents Living in a Kashin\u2013Beck-Disease Area of Qamdo, Tibet"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5072-1522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxing","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luolong County, Chamdo 855400, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shenzhen 518000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianhao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9643-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junsheng","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.07.014","article-title":"Endemic Kashin-Beck disease: A food-sourced osteoarthropathy","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. 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