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However, the relationship between them has not been fully elucidated. This study, utilizing data from a pregnancy cohort, employed metagenomic sequencing to elucidate the relationship between anxiety, depression, and gut microbiota\u2019s diversity, composition, species, and functional pathways. Data from 87 subjects, spanning 225 time points across early, mid, and late pregnancy, were analyzed. The results revealed that anxiety and depression significantly corresponded to lower alpha diversity (including the Shannon entropy and the Simpson index). Anxiety and depression scores, along with categorical distinctions of anxiety\/non-anxiety and depression\/non-depression, were found to account for 0.723%, 0.731%, 0.651%, and 0.810% of the variance in gut-microbiota composition (p = 0.001), respectively. Increased anxiety was significantly positively associated with the abundance of Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1745, Oscillibacter sp. PEA192, Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1728, Oscillospiraceae bacterium VE202 24, and Treponema socranskii. A similar association was significantly noted for Oscillibacter sp. KLE 1745 with elevated depression scores. While EC.3.5.3.1: arginase appeared to be higher in the anxious group than in the non-anxious group, vitamin B12-related enzymes appeared to be lower in the depression group than in the non-depression group. The changes were found to be not statistically significant after post-multiple comparison adjustment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16101460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T03:34:01Z","timestamp":1715571241000},"page":"1460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exploring the Association between Anxiety, Depression, and Gut Microbiota during Pregnancy: Findings from a Pregnancy Cohort Study in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2592-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruixin","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muxia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Scientific Research, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-5980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Third Department of Obstetrics, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Seventh Department of Obstetrics, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8022-4597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guansheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.116.187179","article-title":"Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"210","author":"Dennis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. 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